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| 1 |
ID:
109678
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| Publication |
2011.
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| Summary/Abstract |
We analyzed the peak load reductions due to a residential direct load control program for air-conditioners in southern Ontario in 2008. In this program, participant thermostats were increased by 2 °C for four hours on five event days. We used hourly, whole-house data for 195 participant households and 268 non-participant households, and four different methods of analysis ranging from simple spreadsheet-based comparisons of average loads on event days, to complex time-series regression. Average peak load reductions were 0.2-0.9 kWh/h per household, or 10-35%. However, there were large differences between event days and across event hours, and in results for the same event day/hour, with different analysis methods. There was also a wide range of load reductions between individual households, and only a minority of households contributed to any given event. Policy makers should be aware of how the choice of an analysis method may affect decisions regarding which demand-side management programs to support, and how they might be incentivized. We recommend greater use of time-series methods, although it might take time to become comfortable with their complexity. Further investigation of what type of households contribute most to aggregate load reductions would also help policy makers better target programs.
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| 2 |
ID:
103410
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| Publication |
2011.
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| Summary/Abstract |
The purpose of this article is to determine the tilt angle and azimuth for a photovoltaic panel in Ontario (Canada) at which revenue is maximised. Measured and modelled solar radiation data, simulated photovoltaic panel performance, hourly electricity market data and details regarding pricing regimes from 2003 to 2008 are used to study two different locations. In all instances, the desired tilt angle is slightly less than latitude (depending upon the particular pricing regime, between 36° and 38° for Ottawa, which is at a latitude of 45°N, and between 32° and 35° for Toronto, which is at a latitude of 44°N), and the desired azimuth is close to due south (depending upon the particular pricing regime, between 4° west of due south and 6° east of due south for Ottawa, and between 1° west of due south and 2° east of due south for Toronto). In conclusion, the importance of solar electricity - particularly valuable because of when it is produced and where it can be produced - is highlighted, as are future priorities for research.
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