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ORBONS, SJEF (3) answer(s).
 
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1
ID:   113110


Are non-lethal weapons a viable military option to strengthen t / Orbons, Sjef   Journal Article
Orbons, Sjef Journal Article
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Publication 2012.
Summary/Abstract Commanders of the International Security Assistance Force (ISAF) have repeatedly stressed the hearts and minds approach in Afghanistan, in saying that the human terrain is decisive for a successful outcome of the mission. Avoidance of civilian casualties is considered of strategic importance, and by nature highly dependent on the management of tactical level Escalation of Force (EoF) situations. Non-lethal weapons (NLWs) are expected to enable tactical commanders to avoid innocent civilian casualties in such situations. This article considers a selected NLW on its potential to accomplish this requirement. It uses a defence technology assessment approach to analyse EoF situations experienced by Dutch ISAF forces in which the NLW is inserted. The analysis demonstrates that a range of contextual factors in the Afghanistan high-risk environment tend to narrow down the window of opportunity for the NLW to help defuse the risk of unintended civil casualties.
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2
ID:   114618


Assessing non-lethal weapons use in detainee operations in Iraq: benign force or necessary evil? / Orbons, Sjef   Journal Article
Orbons, Sjef Journal Article
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Publication 2012.
Summary/Abstract This article addresses the question to what extent the use of Non-Lethal Weapons (NLWs) in US internment centres between 2003 and 2009 was supportive to the hearts and minds approach in Iraq. It is argued that, other than claims and expectations of NLWs performance extracted from NLW technology and design properties, the performance and effects of NLWs heavily depend on the operational conditions in which they are applied. A Defence Technology Assessment (DTA) framework is applied to several cases in Iraqi detainee centres where NLWs have been used. The case studies demonstrate that in the absence of an acceptable political context in terms of a positive end state for the detainees, the use of NLWs to quell large scale disturbances was counterproductive. NLWs were as a necessary evil, rather than a benign force. Even with a constructive hearts and minds strategy to guide detainee operations in place, the skills and discipline of the guard forces are key to the successful conduct of detainee operations.
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3
ID:   106062


Non-lethal weapons: peace enablers or troublesome force? assessing the role of CS and baton rounds in the northern Ireland conflict / Orbons, Sjef   Journal Article
Orbons, Sjef Journal Article
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Publication 2011.
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