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YANG, ALBERT J F (1) answer(s).
 
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On the relationship between military expenditure, threat, and e: a nonlinear approach / Yang, Albert J F; Trumbull, William N; Yang, Chin Wei; Huang, Bwo-Nung   Journal Article
Yang, Albert J F Journal Article
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Publication 2011.
Summary/Abstract The main objective of the paper is to decipher the military expenditure-economic growth relationship, taking the level of economic development (income) into consideration. Our findings suggest the following: (i) military expenditure has a significantly negative relationship to economic growth for the 23 countries with initial incomes (threshold variable) less than or equal to $475.93; (ii) when the threat level is heightened, economic growth (23 countries) is expected to decrease. However, military expenditure in the presence of sufficiently large threats increases growth; (iii) for the remaining 69 countries whose initial incomes (real GDP per capita in 1992 price) exceed $475.93, no significant relationship exists whether the threat variable is taken into consideration or not.
Key Words Military Expenditure  Economic Growth  Threat  Threshold 
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