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| Srl | Item |
| 1 |
ID:
174450
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| Summary/Abstract |
Researchers often lack the necessary data to credibly estimate racial discrimination in policing. In particular, police administrative records lack information on civilians police observe but do not investigate. In this article, we show that if police racially discriminate when choosing whom to investigate, analyses using administrative records to estimate racial discrimination in police behavior are statistically biased, and many quantities of interest are unidentified—even among investigated individuals—absent strong and untestable assumptions. Using principal stratification in a causal mediation framework, we derive the exact form of the statistical bias that results from traditional estimation. We develop a bias-correction procedure and nonparametric sharp bounds for race effects, replicate published findings, and show the traditional estimator can severely underestimate levels of racially biased policing or mask discrimination entirely. We conclude by outlining a general and feasible design for future studies that is robust to this inferential snare.
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| 2 |
ID:
107778
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| Publication |
Sweden, SIPRI, 2011.
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| Description |
vii, 43p.
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| Series |
SIPRI policy paper no. 29
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| Standard Number |
9789185114665
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Copies: C:1/I:0,R:0,Q:0
Circulation
| Accession# | Call# | Current Location | Status | Policy | Location |
| 056281 | 333.790951/JAK 056281 | Main | On Shelf | General | |
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| 3 |
ID:
179004
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| Summary/Abstract |
Speech and dialogue are the heart of politics: nearly every political institution in the world involves verbal communication. Yet vast literatures on political communication focus almost exclusively on what words were spoken, entirely ignoring how they were delivered—auditory cues that convey emotion, signal positions, and establish reputation. We develop a model that opens this information to principled statistical inquiry: the model of audio and speech structure (MASS). Our approach models political speech as a stochastic process shaped by fixed and time-varying covariates, including the history of the conversation itself. In an application to Supreme Court oral arguments, we demonstrate how vocal tone signals crucial information—skepticism of legal arguments—that is indecipherable to text models. Results show that justices do not use questioning to strategically manipulate their peers but rather engage sincerely with the presented arguments. Our easy-to-use R package, communication, implements the model and many more tools for audio analysis.
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| 4 |
ID:
111496
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| Publication |
2012.
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| Summary/Abstract |
The rapid expansion of China's nuclear industry poses a security challenge not only for the Chinese government, but also the international community. China's nuclear regulators and nuclear emergency responders face a shortage of human resources and expertise. China's nuclear emergency responders are overwhelmingly focused on nuclear reactor safety issues and have only begun to prepare for acts of nuclear terrorism. While the political leadership is seeking to strengthen nuclear security in light of international attention and the risk that a single incident could pose for future growth, these efforts are complicated by limited inter-agency coordination, an outdated and at times contradictory legal structure, and ambiguities in the division of regulatory responsibilities. This article outlines the major players in Chinese civilian nuclear security and nuclear emergency response, then discusses their responsibilities, plans, and interactions.
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