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| 1 |
ID:
188546
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| Summary/Abstract |
This paper evaluates the effectiveness of a regulatory framework based on feed-in tariffs to promote small-scale PV on basis of empirical data for Germany between 2000 to 2021. We show that feed-in tariffs have so far failed to exploit the technical small-scale PV potential evenly across regions. This implies significant differences in the allocation of regulatory benefits and costs associated with the promotion of renewable energy sources, leading to a situation of increasing socioeconomic inequality: few counties benefit strongly and many counties bear the costs. Over the past 20 years, in addition to margin effects due to disproportionately high feed-in tariffs, this inequality has increasingly been driven by steadily rising self-consumption. This leads, on average, to differences of over 40 percent in effective electricity costs between households with and without PV. We conclude that the current regulatory framework is insufficient to bring solar PV up to the needed level and to distribute the associated benefits and costs equitably across households. Based on this, we derive guiding principles of a future regulatory framework that enables more effective scaling of small-scale PV.
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| 2 |
ID:
112321
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2012.
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The aim of the present paper is to characterize and analyze the emergence of the biodiesel industry in Brazil, and provide an assessment of the extent to which the goals established by the National Biodiesel Production and Usage Program have been reached. In relation to the goal of including biodiesel within the Brazilian energy matrix, the program can be seen to be responding dynamically and ahead of schedule. In 2010, the B5 blend was already part of the diesel consumed in Brazil, with 81% of the biodiesel coming from soybean oil and 14% from beef tallow. By contrast, the plans to diversify the feedstocks used to produce biodiesel and improve production in the poorest regions of Brazil have failed to prosper. Regarding the goal of fostering social inclusion by encouraging the participation of family-based farming, this has been partially achieved. Finally, the goal of cost-efficiently producing biodiesel is far from being achieved. The economic feasibility of the production and use of biodiesel in Brazil can be questioned since it is still strongly supported by tax incentives and production and marketing subsidies.
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| 3 |
ID:
107996
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2011.
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| Summary/Abstract |
On 18 March 2011, the China Association for World Economics hosted "The Presentation of the 2010 Pushan Award for Excellent Papers on International Economics" at the China Central University of Finance and Economics. Over 700 scholars and students from home and abroad attended the ceremony. Professor Joseph Stiglitz, the winner of the Nobel Prize in Economics, presented the awards and gave a speech on "The Failure of Economics in America." The following speech transcript has been approved and edited kindly by Professor Stiglitz.
The editor thanks Eamon Kircher-Allen for assistance.
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| 4 |
ID:
125565
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2013.
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| Summary/Abstract |
Control of natural resources, especially oil and gas, has been a major issue in the consideration of underdevelopment. In the present commodity boom, some Latin American economies are reforming their resource exploitation regimes, especially those issues linked with foreign capital share. The purpose of this report is to analyze these changes in the Bolivian and Brazilian oil and gas sectors in order to answer such questions as: Which property system combining public and private capital is the most suitable? Which regulating framework can guarantee a sustainable increase in output and investment? Our analyses lead to the conclusion that the regulatory framework can establish a particular ownership structure that is considered favorable for improving the performance of oil and gas sector, but the internal dynamics and the historical trajectories of enterprises will also be determining factors that interact with the given regulatory framework, generating mixed results.
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| 5 |
ID:
166702
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India's economy is heavily dependent on foreign oil with the country importing nearly 80% of its crude requirement. Consequently, government of India has been keen to encourage private investment in this sector through attractive policy frameworks. The earlier New Exploration Licensing Policy (1999–2015) has met with limited success, especially in the context of attracting multinational firms, necessitating its replacement with Open Acreage Licensing Policy. The factors that resulted in the limited success of a regulatory framework are not fully understood, especially the impact of firms bidding behavior. This paper adopts a qualitative approach to examine bidding decisions of four petroleum exploration firms across several bidding rounds from a resource picking mechanism perspective. Our findings suggest that uncertainties in the regulatory framework were exploited by the firms resulting in policy inefficacy. Our research identifies four variants of uncertainties and three types of aggressive bidding behavior. We recommend that in order to increase policy efficacy, there is a need to decrease stance uncertainty. Further adoption of a behavioral strategy lens to examine regulatory policy can inform the extant literature.
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| 6 |
ID:
193567
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This article presents the various challenges in the current system of AI governance and the correlation between data, algorithm, technology, governance, and geopolitics surrounding its successful implementation. The focal point of the article is the Adaptive-Hybrid AI Governance framework based on technical, ethical, and societal regulatory mechanisms that models trustworthy AI and the risks associated with it. The article highlights the need for trustworthy AI and how major countries are shaping their AI regulatory mechanisms. It presents a case study on AI governance in defence that elucidates ethical AI governance through various use cases.
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