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| 1 |
ID:
108472
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2011.
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| Summary/Abstract |
The inauguration of the Asia-Europe Meeting (ASEM) in Bangkok in March 1996 has created enthusiasm and hopes for closer inter-regional relations between Asia and Europe. This article observes how behaviors of European countries representatives in the ASEM process have significantly shaped the perceptions of Asian officials and people about the EU and European intentions to develop mutually beneficial relations with Asia. It employs a constructivist framework in which the ASEM process is treated as a dynamic social setting for not only Asia-Europe inter-regional interactions but also intra-Asia socialization. Methodologically, it is a qualitative research with an inductive process and interpretive method. The research uses qualitative data, gathered from various sources and 82 in-depth interviews with diplomats, scholars, journalists, business peoples and civil society representatives in five Asian countries. This study finds that some behaviors of EU participants at ASEM or ASEF interregional forums are counterproductive for EU efforts to develop robust relations with Asian countries. The polarization between Asian and European groups in the ASEM or ASEF meetings, caused by political issues and colonial memory, contributed to the difficulties in trust-building between Asian and European participants. In addition, by their frequent absence from ASEM Summits, EU leaders squandered rare opportunities for a 'meeting of minds and hearts' with their Asian counterparts. This process seems to be a precondition for Asians to develop tangible cooperation.
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| 2 |
ID:
108474
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2011.
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| Summary/Abstract |
The Euro zone was caught unprepared by the financial crisis originating in the USA followed by the recession. Severe flaws in the designs hidden by the "good" years surfaced calling for action. After a good deal of fumbling, the Euro zone moves towards a fiscal union anchored in acceptance of a "German" economic model-low inflation, low deficits, and debts. The Euro will survive with two major changes. The integration will be stronger and the core countries in the Euro zone will exercise stronger leadership raising awkward policy decision for the skeptical members of the EU, but outside the Euro.
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| 3 |
ID:
108465
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2011.
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| Summary/Abstract |
The predecessor of the European Union (EU), the European Coal and Steel Community, was successful in its dual goal of providing peace and prosperity to the European subcontinent in large part because its institutions fostered enduring relations between government officials. Mirroring the European focus on coal and steel, this paper suggests inter-Korean cooperation in the fisheries industry. The Yellow Sea border and the disputed Northern Limit Line has been the scene of deadly clashes between the two Koreas. Cooperation in the fisheries industry would provide economic benefits while it can build trusting relations between the two Koreas as a necessary condition for political cooperation. As coal and steel were only a start for the EU, and implemented clearly with greater political goals in mind, so can the integration of the fishery industries provide a similar starting point in the search for peace and security for the Korean peninsula.
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| 4 |
ID:
108468
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2011.
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| Summary/Abstract |
This article addresses an important topic of European public policy: the project of Social Europe within the overall Lisbon Strategy and its related policy instrument, the Open Method of Coordination (OMC). Through the theoretical lens of the Garbage Can Model in organisational theory, the article seeks to show how, in the context of tremendous socio-economic challenges, European leaders adopted the OMC largely to strike a political compromise rather than for effective problem solving. Because of its inherent weakness, together with both internal and external challenges, the OMC is deemed too difficult to serve as an effective instrument. This has largely been confirmed by the disappointing performance over the 10 years since the Lisbon Agenda. Thus, although the OMC may be praised for its value in experimental governance, the prospects for the Social Europe project over the next decade remain uncertain.
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| 5 |
ID:
108473
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2011.
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The mid-June endorsement by the United Nations Human Rights Council of a new set of Guiding Principles for Business and Human Rights has been welcomed as the authoritative global standard for corporations to respect human rights. The Guiding Principles are the culmination of a 6-year UN-commissioned study by Professor John Ruggie, which concludes that companies should carry out human rights due diligence to identify, prevent, mitigate, and account for how they address their adverse human rights impacts. Drawing on related regulation in Europe, this article considers how best to implement the Guiding Principles in Southeast Asia.
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| 6 |
ID:
108470
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2011.
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| Summary/Abstract |
The recent regionalization in East Asia can be defined in terms of regionalization cum globalization. In the case of Europe, regionalization was originally intended to create a preferential and protected area. From its inception, however, regionalization in East Asia emphasized open membership and global liberalization. This so-called open regionalism was then adopted as a fundamental principle of the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC). Given that APEC is an inter-regional institution, however, the concept of open regionalism is not applicable to characterize exclusively Asian integration process that gained momentum on the basis of the ASEAN?+?3 framework. For many East Asian countries, a regionalization initiative, especially after the 1997 financial crisis, was a natural response to cope with globalization. Indeed, although East Asian economies are increasingly regionalized, the global market remains crucial and exclusively Asian arrangements are still rare. Globalization and regionalization processes are mutually reinforcing. Singapore is one example that developed into a regional economic hub through the regionalization cum globalization strategy. Given that Korea concluded recently two important free trade areas with the USA and the EU, Korea is also capable of building such a regional economic hub. The first step is to strengthen a cooperation network between the three Northeast Asian countries, China, Japan, and Korea. This network, together with ASEAN, is expected to catalyze the regional integration in East Asia and shape its future evolution.
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