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ID:
171138
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The emergence of Lethal Autonomous Weapon Systems (LAWS) offers a comparatively low adoption-cost strategy to emerging great powers that would allow them to offset the conventional military advantage enjoyed by their rivals, which threatens the established global balance of power. This article critically analyses the role of China and the United States in the development of the “hardware” and “software” components of LAWS, concluding that, while the demonstration point has not yet been reached, the incubation of this emerging revolution in military affairs has already begun to have a geopolitical impact.
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| 2 |
ID:
151584
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| Summary/Abstract |
Significant efforts towards environmental transparency have been made by the Chinese government since 2008. This paper focuses on the technical decisions shaping a database of official pollution information built and operated by a Chinese NGO known as the Institute of Public and Environmental Affairs (IPE). Issues of standardization, power distribution and institutional fragmentation are discussed. The paper illustrates a case of NGOs integrating enforcement capabilities as data centres amidst the growing reliance on processes of informational governance of environmental issues.
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| 3 |
ID:
110290
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| Publication |
2011.
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Section 52(1)(ab) of the Copyright Act, 1957 deals with the fair use exception in case of computer software. This paper attempts to analyse the scope of this exception when applied to software as a work of art in India. The right to decompile, as found in different countries and enactments, is compared with the Indian position. It is argued that this right must be given very strictly. The Indian position on the right to decompile is very nebulous. The statutory guidelines are insufficient and poorly drafted, leaving the limits of this right uncertain. Allowing decompilation without placing distinct restrictions on how to use such extracted information, completely outweighs the reasoning of fair use doctrine. Inadequate guidelines as to the extent to which a program may be reverse engineered and who is allowed to reverse engineer, leaves loopholes in the protection of software copyright, allowing circumvention of copyright and the defence of fair use while commercially exploiting competing interoperable programs. The paper concludes by stating that with the growing rate of peer-to-peer sharing in India, this exception, unless narrowed down in its scope, may go beyond mere fair use and may be used to circumvent liability for infringement of copyrighted software.
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| 4 |
ID:
167375
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This article introduces NewGene, a complete redesign of the popular EUGene software. Like its predecessor, NewGene is designed to eliminate many of the difficulties commonly involved in constructing large international relations data sets. NewGene is a stand-alone Microsoft Windows and OSx-based program for the construction of annual, monthly, and daily data sets for a variety of decision-making units (e.g., countries, leaders, organizations) used in quantitative studies of international relations. It also provides users the ability to construct units of analysis ranging from monads (e.g., country-year), to dyads (e.g., country1-country2-year), to extra-dyadic observations called k-ads (e.g., country1-country2-year,…, -countryk-year). NewGene’s purpose is to provide a highly flexible platform on which users can construct data sets for international relations research using preloaded data or by incorporating their own data. The software is freely available at http://www.newgenesoftware.org/.
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| 5 |
ID:
173721
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The authors offer a list of information for forming the main operational-tactical and performance requirements for an advanced shipborne antimine system with submersible vessels. The procedure of elaborating these requirements is considered, and the recommendations on using prototypes and a baseline model to validate the technical specifications of the system are given.
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| 6 |
ID:
110215
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2012.
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This article argues that international political economy (IPE) needs to engage in a close reading of computer code. This, I argue, will open up IPE to a very important resource for understanding and explaining many of the forces of capitalism operating today and which are instantiated and reflected within computer code. I also suggest a way in which the 'global', particularly in relation to financial markets and systems, might be read from within the new space of flows represented by computer code and software. There is no doubt at all that software is a hugely important global industry, and that software is critical to the functioning of multinational companies, governments and non-governmental institutions. Therefore, it is curious that so little attention is paid to code itself as an empirical object within IPE. In this article, I want to introduce some of the main contours of the debate and introduce some important concepts for why a close reading of code could be useful to IPE scholars.
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| 7 |
ID:
137996
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| 8 |
ID:
109533
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| 9 |
ID:
150836
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