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ID:
109928
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| Publication |
2011.
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| Summary/Abstract |
The modern-day face of what is one of the world's oldest crimes - maritime piracy - is quite different to that of two centuries ago. Over the last decade the hub of global pirate activities has shifted from the East to Africa, with the growing scourge of Somali pirates - armed with automatic weapons and rocket-propelled grenades - having arisen as a global concern as a result of the consequences piracy holds for a litany of security, strategic and economic imperatives. The evolution of Somali piracy off the east coast of Africa has increasingly hinted toward the phenomenon constituting a lucrative industry in the region. Indeed, it is evident that there is a political economy attached to maritime piracy in Somalia and Kenya in particular, which elucidates that piracy is a crime that is based not only at sea, but also on land. By considering the financial system related to piracy, as well as the costs and impacts it holds for locals, there are a number of lessons for counter-piracy efforts, specifically those focusing on Somali piracy. Piracy can, nonetheless, be expected to continue to plague the continent's shores so long as pirates can act with impunity and operate in an environment where the risk is low and the reward high. Until sufficient political will is garnered for the constructive involvement of all stakeholders - the shipping industry included - in a holistic approach to the problem, both on land and at sea, the effects of counter-piracy efforts will be limited.
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| 2 |
ID:
109926
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| Publication |
2011.
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| Summary/Abstract |
Much is made in the security sector reform literature of the role of civil society as an overseer and monitor of the security sector, contributing to improved accountability and governance. This paper looks at how the notion of 'civil society capacity' needs to be disaggregated in order to develop meaningful strategies to assist civil society organisations to impact security sector reforms in complex, post-conflict contexts like the Democratic Republic of Congo. It draws on fieldwork conducted with 200 Congolese civil society groups that are attempting to engage in current security sector reform processes, and looks at which capacities are required to improve oversight by civil society groups.
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| 3 |
ID:
109924
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| Publication |
2011.
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| Summary/Abstract |
This paper examines how the Kenyan police responded to the 2007/08 crisis of post-election violence. It provides a critical re-evaluation of the well-known argument of the police being political instruments of the regime of the day. In addition, it develops the argument that the view of the police as mere tools of the political leadership is too limited an explanation of police conduct in responding to ethnic and election violence. It suggests that even with the limited available knowledge of the operations of African police organisations there is room to introduce more variables and complexity in explanations of their conduct.
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| 4 |
ID:
109921
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| 5 |
ID:
109922
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| Publication |
2011.
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| Summary/Abstract |
The paper addresses the dilemma of developing appropriate policing methods for effective intervention in countries where the objective is to create humane, sustainable governance adhering to the rule-of-law but where conflict is still continuing, often directed at members of the international community themselves. In both bilateral and multilateral international interventions there is confusion about what local police can contribute. The author argues that the comparative advantage of the police vis-à-vis the military is not to become 'little soldiers', doing proactive counter-insurgency. Instead, their comparative advantage is to respond to the security needs of individuals, thus contributing to the legitimacy of struggling local governments. This role has been accepted in contemporary writing by military experts on counter-insurgency and it also reflects research on the essential role police can play in counter-terrorism and the prevention of ordinary crime. In order to implement this strategy, a training curriculum is suggested.
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| 6 |
ID:
109927
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| Publication |
2011.
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| Summary/Abstract |
The deployment of ever-growing numbers of police in support of peacekeeping and peacebuilding objectives under the mandate of the United Nations is a feature of modern policy. Field research into the role, function and routine experiences of police in peace missions is critical to an understanding of the dynamics underlying foreign deployment and the impact on police institutions at home. This paper draws on a series of focus group discussions with South African police who had been deployed to Darfur, Sudan, and describes key aspects of the experience as narrated by them afterwards.
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