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| Srl | Item |
| 1 |
ID:
110434
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| Publication |
2011.
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| Summary/Abstract |
Facing global climate change and scarce petroleum supplies, the world must switch to sustainable energy systems. While historical transitions between major energy sources have occurred, most of these shifts lasted over a century or longer and were stimulated by resource scarcity, high labor costs, and technological innovations. The energy transition of the 21st century will need to be more rapid. Unfortunately, little is known about how to accelerate energy transitions. This article reviews past transitions and factors behind them, along with their time frames. Three modern case studies are discussed: Brazil, which shifted from an oil-based transportation system to one based on sugarcane-ethanol (success); France, which shifted from oil-fired electric power to nuclear power (success); and the United States, which attempted to shift from foreign oil to a mix of domestic energy resources (failure). Lessons from these attempts to govern energy transitions are discussed. Several policy instruments to accelerate a transition are identified, though even under ideal circumstances a global energy supply transition will be very slow. Given the need to simultaneously implement programs in countries with different political economies, a greater focus on energy efficiency, promotion of Smart Grids, and possibly a new treaty should yield more timely results.
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| 2 |
ID:
176780
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| Summary/Abstract |
Building upon the literatures of policy stringency, policy effectiveness and clean technological change, this paper explores the question of whether the renewable portfolio standard (RPS) serves as a floor or a cap on renewable electricity capacity deployment in the U.S. In particular, we examine the effect of RPS policy stringency on renewable electricity capacity additions beyond compliance. A panel dataset from 1998 to 2017 is constructed for 28 states that have adopted a mandatory RPS in this timeframe. Using hybrid random effects negative binomial regression models, we find that when constrained by renewable electricity potential capacity (potential capacity < 403.4 GW), more stringent RPSs are significantly associated with a lower level of non-RPS related renewable electricity capacity additions. This negative effect of the RPS on beyond RPS compliance renewable electricity development is weakened by the abundance of renewable energy resources. For states endowed with large renewable energy resources, a stringent RPS policy can motivate utilities and other energy producers to invest in renewable electricity capacity beyond the mandatory target. These findings contribute to the policy stringency and policy effectiveness literatures, and improve our understanding of the relationship between clean energy technology adoption and energy policy.
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