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ID: 192974

Economic development without rural–urban migration in Georgia / Beenstock, Michael

Beenstock, Michael	Journal Article
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Summary/Abstract

Against the prediction of developmental orthodoxy that urbanization is a necessary condition for economic development, since the mid-1990s Georgia and Armenia achieved sustained economic development without rural–urban migration. The experience of Georgia and Armenia is placed in the context of the relation between urbanization and development in other countries of Central Asia. This is followed by an in-depth analysis of Georgia, which shows that when the home consumption of rural smallholders is included in rural incomes, and when the increase in the urban cost-of-living relative to the rural cost-of-living is taken into consideration, the incentive to migrate from the countryside to the towns is greatly weakened.

Key Words

Economic Development ; Georgia ; Urbanization ; Lewis Model ; Rural – Urban Migration ; Cost - of - Living ;
Spatial General Equilibrium

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ID: 110506

Labor market developments in China: a neoclassical view / Suqin Ge; Yang, Dennis Tao

Yang, Dennis Tao	Journal Article
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2011.

Summary/Abstract

This paper assesses the applicability of two alternative theories in understanding labor market developments in China: the classical view featuring a Lewis turning point in wage growth versus a neoclassical framework emphasizing rational choices of individuals and equilibrating forces of the market. Empirical evidence based on multiple data sources fails to validate the arrival of the Lewis turning point in China, showing continuous and coordinated wage growth across rural and urban sectors instead. Consistent with the neoclassical view, we find that rural workers expanded off-farm work when mobility restrictions were lifted, interprovincial migration responded to expected earnings and local employment conditions, and returns to education converged gradually to the international standard. These findings suggest major progresses in the integration of labor markets in China.

Key Words

China ; Labor markets ; Rural - Urban Migration ; Lewis Turning Point ; Wage Growth ; Rural – Urban Migration

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