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| Srl | Item |
| 1 |
ID:
110697
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| Publication |
2011.
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| Summary/Abstract |
Easy energy access is a trigger for human, social, and economic development. A research project was undertaken in Sri Lanka to broaden the understanding of human dimension of energy access and technologies. A questionnaire survey, covering 2269 households, gathered data on socio-economic contexts and issues influencing a transition towards clean cooking facilities. The findings reveal that the transition is impeded by four factors: the lack of motivation and the pressure for switching over to cleaner facilities, the lack of modern energy technology options, the financial risks, and the lack of financing and other support. The paper describes the delicate two-way interrelation between women earning wages and the transitions to cleaner cooking fuels and technologies. The findings suggest the need for a policy framework involving the stakeholders, financing and standardised technologies. To make a change it is proposed to introduce a national, integrated policy incorporating financing and energy governance.
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| 2 |
ID:
168302
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| Summary/Abstract |
We analyze domestic household energy demand and use patterns in Tanzania, using a detailed household survey of purchase transactions, a multivariate probit model, and the QUAIDS modeling framework. The main fuel sources that we study are kerosene, charcoal, and firewood. These three accounted for 96.5% of spending on energy by households. Charcoal and firewood are used for cooking while kerosene is used for lighting and cooking. Kerosene is almost exclusively imported, while charcoal and firewood are produced domestically. These fuel sources are important, given the impacts of wood harvesting on the environment and kerosene imports on public finances. We find a statistically significant response in kerosene demand to charcoal prices, suggesting a pattern of substitution, but no strong substitution relationships between other fuel pairs. These results, which we use in a simulation of tariff change, imply that policies centered on price changes may not be effective in changing consumer behavior unless alternative sources of energy are readily accessible.
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| 3 |
ID:
192732
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| Summary/Abstract |
Choosing renewable fuels for household cooking is of great significance for environmental protection. Using data from the 2016 China Family Panel Studies, this study empirically explores the impact of the human capital of rural household heads, measured by cognitive and noncognitive skills, on household cooking fuel choices and their mechanisms. The findings of this study are as follows: (1) improving the cognitive and noncognitive skills of rural household heads can significantly promote the use of renewable cooking fuels; (2) these two skills influence household renewable fuel choices through income effects and information-seeking effects; (3) raising human capital significantly increases the consumption of renewable fuels for household heads aged less than or equal to 65; and (4) compared with unmarried household heads, improving the human capital of married ones can significantly increase the use of renewable cooking fuels. Therefore, universal compulsory education, village/community adult training and education, and environmental protection publicity are important measures for carbon emission reduction, environmental protection, and sustainable economic development, particularly for developing countries.
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| 4 |
ID:
150360
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| Summary/Abstract |
As part of a programme on ‘access to clean cooking alternatives in rural India’, induction stoves were introduced in nearly 4000 rural households in Himachal Pradesh, one of the few highly electrified states in India. Analysis of primary usage information from 1000 rural households revealed that electricity majorly replaced Liquid Petroleum Gas (LPG), generally used as a secondary cooking fuel, but did not influence a similar shift from traditional mud stoves as the primary cooking technology. Likewise, the shift from firewood to electricity as a primary cooking fuel was observed in only 5% of the households studied. Country level analysis indicates that rural households falling in lower monthly per capita expenditure (MPCE) classes have lesser access to electricity and clean cooking options than those falling in higher MPCE classes. Again, only three states in India with high levels of rural household electrification report consumption statuses more than 82 kWh per month (the estimated mean for electricity consumption by induction stoves). Overall, the results of the study indicate that induction stoves will have limited potential in reducing the consumption of firewood and LPG if included in energy access programmes, that too only in regions where high levels of electrification exist.
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| 5 |
ID:
136252
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| Summary/Abstract |
Solid cookfuel pollution is the largest energy-related health risk globally and most important cause of ill-health for Indian women and girls. At 700 million cooking with open biomass chulhas, the Indian population exposed has not changed in several decades, in spite of hundreds of programs to make the “available clean”, i.e. to burn biomass cleanly in advanced stoves. While such efforts continue, there is need to open up another front to attack this health hazard. Gas and electric cooking, which are clean at the household, are already the choice for one-third of Indians. Needed is a new agenda to make the “clean available”, i.e., to vigorously extend these clean fuels into populations that are caught in the Chulha Trap. This will require engaging new actors including the power and petroleum ministries as well as the ministry of health, which have not to date been directly engaged in addressing this problem. It will have implications for LPG imports, distribution networks, and electric and gas user technologies, as well as setting new priorities for electrification and biofuels, but at heart needs to be addressed as a health problem, not one of energy access, if it is to be solved effectively.
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| 6 |
ID:
188551
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| Summary/Abstract |
Understanding how economic agents alter their energy consumption in response to seismic shocks has direct implications on the economic cost of natural disasters. This article exploits variation in peak ground acceleration from the 2015 earthquake in Nepal to investigate the impact of seismic shocks on household energy choices. Results from a difference-in-differences research design show that households exposed to large seismic shocks were 40.83% more likely to use firewood for cooking after the earthquake. This increase in the use of traditional fuel coincided with a decrease in electricity expenditure and a reduction in adoption of gas cylinders for cooking purposes. Unit prices of firewood also decreased significantly in response to seismic shocks, causing households in earthquake-affected districts to rely more on firewood as a source of cooking fuel. Results further illustrate that household consumption in electricity and kerosene for lighting declined in earthquake-affected districts. These findings conclude that large earthquakes induce poor households to use traditional fuel, exacerbating their transition to modern energy sources. Policymakers working on sustainable economic growth need to consider these disaster-induced changes in energy outcomes to ensure a successful implementation of commitments made under the Paris Agreement (COP21).
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| 7 |
ID:
176893
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| Summary/Abstract |
Reliance on solid biomass cooking fuels in India has negative health and socio-economic consequences for households, yet policies aimed at promoting uptake of LPG for cooking have not always been effective at promoting sustained transition to cleaner cooking amongst intended beneficiaries. This paper uses a two step approach combining predictive and descriptive analyses of the IHDS panel dataset to identify different groups of households that switched stove between 2004/5 and 2011/12. A tree-based ensemble machine learning predictive analysis identifies key determinants of a switch from biomass to non-biomass stoves. A descriptive clustering analysis is used to identify groups of stove-switching households that follow different transition pathways. There are three key findings of this study: firstly non-income determinants of stove switching do not have a linear effect on stove switching, in particular variables on time of use and appliance ownership which offer a proxy for household energy practices; secondly location specific factors including region, infrastructure availability, and dwelling quality are found to be key determinants and as a result policies must be tailored to take into account local variations; thirdly some groups of households that adopt non-biomass stoves continue using biomass and interventions should be targeted to reduce their biomass use.
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