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ID:
116725
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2012.
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| Summary/Abstract |
The paper focuses on the evaluation of the economic losses in the industrial sector due to a lack of power quality. The term power quality includes, in general, a set of boundary conditions which allow electrical systems connected to the grid to function as planned. Therefore, the operation of the power system outside these boundaries directly impacts on the economic performance of the whole system. The evaluation of the economical loses derived from this fact has been the subject of several studies, mostly applied to individual cases, with calculation methodologies either too complicated to be applicable, needing a large input of data, mostly dealing with confidentiality issues, or based on particular cases and impossible to extrapolate. The objective of this paper is provide decision makers and authorities responsible of enforcing compensations for losses derived of power quality issues with a relatively easy to apply methodology for calculating the real quantity of these losses. An example of the application of this methodology and an analysis of the results is also provided. The validation of the methodology and its use for different comparison analysis was also carried out. Conclusions are given at the end of the work and further research is proposed.
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| 2 |
ID:
128384
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| Publication |
2014.
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| Summary/Abstract |
The Ministry of Energy and Mines of Nicaragua (MEM) is planning to launch in 2013 a massive replacement program of 2 million incandescent lamps with compact fluorescent lamps (CFLs). This paper explores the expected impacts on a 10 year basis (2013-2023) using cost/benefit analysis for consumers, utility and society. Market conditions for introduction of a 7 W LED in the residential sector were also analyzed. Three prospective scenarios were considered in order to estimate the impact of CFLs penetration. Finally, the analysis is complemented with laboratory tests for eight lamps-three CFLs of the pilot program batch and one incandescent lamp 75 W; three CFLs and a 7 W LED available in the national market. Results supports that for countries like Nicaragua with an energy matrix still dependent on imported petroleum, energy efficiency programs are especially positive in economic and environmental terms. However, it is necessary to implement and to test CFLs programs requirements about high power factor (PF=0.9) and low total harmonic distortion (THD=20%).
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| 3 |
ID:
111395
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| Publication |
2012.
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| Summary/Abstract |
The poor quality of electrical power in Brazil has led to an increase in the sales of power conditioning equipment such as uninterruptible power systems (UPS) to supply a voltage wave shape without distortion or interruption. However, there are indications that the average performance of the UPS equipment available in the Brazilian market requires some improvement. Information about the energy-related behaviour of UPS units is scarce. In this paper, we estimate and analyse the installed capacity of UPS units and assess their power consumption, losses and impact on the power quality in the electrical system. The analysis is performed through energy efficiency and power quality measurements performed on UPS units that are commonly available in Brazil. We estimate the energy conservation potential of the UPS. The results of assessments strongly support the need for public policies for energy efficiency and power quality improvements, particularly the labelling of UPS units and the introduction of minimum performance standards for UPS devices.
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