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FUEL DIVERSIFICATION (2) answer(s).
 
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ID:   111432


Diversification of fuel costs accounting for load variation / Ruangpattana, Suriya; Preckel, Paul V; Gotham, Douglas J; Muthuraman, Kumar   Journal Article
Preckel, Paul V Journal Article
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Publication 2012.
Summary/Abstract A practical mathematical programming model for the strategic fuel diversification problem is presented. The model is designed to consider the tradeoffs between the expected costs of investments in capacity, operating and maintenance costs, average fuel costs, and the variability of fuel costs. In addition, the model is designed to take the load curve into account at a high degree of resolution, while keeping the computational burden at a practical level. The model is illustrated with a case study for Indiana's power generation system. The model reveals that an effective means of reducing the volatility of the system-level fuel costs is through the reduction of dependence on coal-fired generation with an attendant shift towards nuclear generation. Model results indicate that about a 25% reduction in the standard deviation of the generation costs can be achieved with about a 20-25% increase in average fuel costs. Scenarios that incorporate costs for carbon dioxide emissions or a moratorium on nuclear capacity additions are also presented.
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2
ID:   116698


Economic development and the demand for energy: a historical perspective on the next 20 years / Ruhl, Christof; Appleby, Paul; Fennema, Julian; Naumov, Alexander   Journal Article
Ruhl, Christof Journal Article
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Publication 2012.
Summary/Abstract This paper draws on evidence from the last two centuries of industrialisation, analysing the evolution of energy intensity over the long- and short-run. We argue that the increased specialisation of the fuel mix, coupled with accelerating convergence of both the sectoral and technological composition of economies, will continue to improve energy intensity of economic output and to reduce the reliance on any single energy resource. This analysis suggests that even high growth in per capita income over the next 20 years need not be constrained by resource availability.
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