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ID: 125485

Feasibility and implications for conventional liquid fossil fue / Rahmadi, Arie; Aye, Lu; Moore, Graham

Aye, Lu	Journal Article
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2013.

Summary/Abstract

This paper identifies conventional liquid fossil fuels that can be replaced or blended with biofuel and quantifies the biofuels required to meet the Indonesian biofuel target of at least 5% of the total primary energy mix in 2025. The analysis was conducted using the Long range Energy Alternatives Planning (LEAP) system with an energy elasticity of 1 and maximum allowable biofuel blending ratios according to the current best practices. The results show that the target could be achieved with the maximum blending alternative based on constant energy demand growth of 6%. The target requires a total contribution from biofuel of about 8-27 GL in 2025 depending on blending ratios. In energy terms, these are equivalent to 232-782 PJ or about 40-135 million barrels crude oil, which constitute roughly around 3.3-11.0% of the estimated liquid fossil fuel oil annual consumption in that year. The results imply that it may have detrimental environmental impact, as it requires 5.2 million ha of palm oil and sugar cane plantations. On the positive side, achieving the target offers potential new employment opportunities of about 3.4 million jobs, particularly in the agricultural sector relevant to liquid biofuel production.

Key Words

Biofuel ; LEAP ; Indonesian Energy Policy

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ID: 111463

Sizing solar home systems for optimal development impact / Bond, M; Fuller, R J; Aye, Lu

Bond, M	Journal Article
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Publication

2012.

Summary/Abstract

The paper compares the development impact of three different sized solar home systems (SHS) (10, 40 and 80 Wp) installed in rural East Timor. It describes research aimed to determine whether the higher cost of the larger systems was justified by additional household benefits. To assess the development impact of these different sizes of SHS the research used a combination of participatory and quantitative tools. Participatory exercises were conducted with seventy-seven small groups of SHS users in twenty-four rural communities and supplemented with a household survey of 195 SHS users. The combined results of these evaluation processes enabled the three sizes of SHS to be compared for two types of benefits-those associated with carrying out important household tasks and attributes of SHS which were advantageous compared to the use of non-electric lighting sources. The research findings showed that the small, 10 Wp SHS provided much of the development impact of the larger systems. It suggests three significant implications for the design of SHS programs in contexts such as East Timor: provide more small systems rather than fewer large ones; provide lighting in the kitchen wherever possible; and carefully match SHS operating costs to the incomes of rural users.

Key Words

East Timor ; SHS ; Development Impact

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