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| 1 |
ID:
111807
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| 2 |
ID:
139152
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| Summary/Abstract |
Originating at the height of the Cold War, Air Defense Identification Zones (ADIZs), i.e. non-territorial airspace unilaterally designated by States for aircraft identification, had not encountered substantial protests until China's declaration of the East China Sea ADIZ in November 2013. Debates center not on the right to establish the ADIZ per se, but primarily on the purported application of identification rules to traversing aircraft, its overlap with pre-existing ADIZs claimed by other States, and the coverage of contested islands and rocks. This article argues that the identification of traversing civil aircraft does not jeopardize the paramount safety of international civil aviation, imposes only slight burden upon civil aircraft, and has garnered wide compliance. The identification of traversing military aircraft is a legitimate measure for coastal States to safeguard their security interest, and is constantly conducted by many States on a de facto basis. The overlap with ADIZs of other States and coverage of contested islands and rocks do not contradict international law and are legitimate measures for the maintenance of maritime and territorial interests. It is further suggested that all relevant States should negotiate mutually acceptable arrangements to avoid miscalculation and escalation, and to minimize confusions and inconveniences caused to third-party States.
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| 3 |
ID:
121086
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| Publication |
2013.
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| Summary/Abstract |
The Indian Ocean Region (IOR) has profound strategic relevance not only for the nations in the region but also for other countries.1 The bulk of the world's merchant fleets transit through one of the busiest sea lanes in the world, via the Malacca Straits. Also, the presence of major petroleum exports originating from the Gulf, encourage the major powers of the world to have a strategic presence in the IOR. Present day naval strategies are not so much about exercising sea denial but about maintaining strategic presence, and switching to sea control whenever there is any threat to their own maritime interests. This calls for comprehensive situational awareness, and the continuous monitoring of both the surface and underwater fronts. The geographical location of India leaves it no choice but to be a major player in the IOR. Further, due to the growing energy needs of China in the recent past, and the bulk of its energy supplies transiting through the IOR, has encouraged both China and the United States to ensure their own strategic presence.
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| 4 |
ID:
122428
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ID:
144489
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| Summary/Abstract |
For any nation-state, multiple agencies are drawn in to guard their maritime interests, and technology plays a crucial role towards guarding such interests. This paper debates the significance of space technologies for the maritime domain in general and navies in particular. It identifies specific space technologies of relevance for improving ship movement and weapons delivery performance. Lastly, the paper also takes a macro view about investments made by India in space technologies for the purposes of their maritime requirements.
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