| Publication |
2012.
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| Summary/Abstract |
U.S. Ambassador to Spain (1942-1945), Carlton J.H. Hayes, has been often reputed a Francoist. A look at the entire printed and archival record, however, shows Hayes to have been a tough critic of the caudillo's "fascism." This article focusses particularly on Hayes' active role in securing the passage of some 40,000 refugees-French, Anglo-Saxons, Jews and others-across the Pyrenees mostly to North Africa. In retirment, Hayes advocated patient dilomacy, rather than ostracism or subversion of Franco Spain-the policy the U.S. eventually adopted.
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