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PEER REVIEWS (2) answer(s).
 
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ID:   166145


Leaving the doors open or keeping them closed? the impact of transparency on the authority of peer reviews in international orga / Carraro, Valentina ; Jongen, Hortense   Journal Article
Valentina Carraro and Hortense Jongen Journal Article
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Summary/Abstract Although transparency is frequently employed to enhance the legitimacy of public organizations, several scholars point to its potentially negative implications. This study analyzes the impact of transparency on the authority of peer reviews in international organizations. Authority, here conceived as rooted in legitimacy beliefs, is crucial for peer reviews to produce effects. This research is based on results from an online survey and forty-three interviews with actors involved in two United Nations peer reviews: the Universal Periodic Review in human rights and the Implementation Review Mechanism in the fight against corruption. The article shows that transparency positively affects the perceived development of pressure, yet negatively influences mutual learning and appears to be unable to ensure equal treatment of states.
Key Words Authority  ;  Transparency  ;  Peer Reviews  ;  United Nations 
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2
ID:   112944


Step ahead in promoting human rights? the universal periodic re / McMahon, Edward; Ascherio, Marta   Journal Article
McMahon, Edward Journal Article
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Publication 2012.
Summary/Abstract The Universal Periodic Review of the UN Human Rights Council is a peer review mechanism through which states make recommendations to each other regarding human rights practices. Representing new global approaches to promoting human rights, the UPR experiment is critical to the fate of the HRC. Understanding the UPR's performance is timely and of considerable importance considering that the second round of country reviews begins in May 2012. This article analyzes state and regional behavior by utilizing an innovative methodology in which recommendations are coded by level of action requested. It finds that, while long-standing North-South differences regarding definition and protection of human rights remain, the global increase of democratic states modestly attenuates this dichotomy.
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