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| 1 |
ID:
133268
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2014.
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| Summary/Abstract |
The unemployment rate is a key indicator of labor market and economic performance. Based on a unique survey, we estimate the unemployment rate at 13.44 percent in 30 provincial capital cities in China in 2007, which is well above the officially announced registered unemployment rate. The discrepancy results from inaccuracy in the calculation of registered unemployment. The discrepancy is not stably evolving across regions or over the years, making it difficult to recover the true unemployment rate using a simple multiplier approach. We further investigate the sources of the discrepancy by examining the determinants of unemployment registration. It is evident that participation in certain public activities, which would facilitate the spread of knowledge related to job-searching and unemployment registration, encouraged unemployment registration. Social attention to government anti-unemployment programs also encouraged unemployment registration. These findings confirm the behavioral hypothesis that incomplete knowledge and limited attention can cause deviation from optimal choice. The policy implications of the findings of the study are discussed.
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| 2 |
ID:
113692
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2012.
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| Summary/Abstract |
In this paper, we emphasize the interactive effect between life expectancy and human capital accumulation, and test the positive feedback of longevity to educational investment in China. This is very important for understanding the pressure from the aging population and the increase in private educational investment in China. We first show in an extended human capital investment model that life expectancy growth acts as a driving force for educational investment. We then build a difference-in-difference-in-differences empirical framework and use cross-province data to examine the effect in China. We use the maternal mortality rate (MMR) to identify the difference in life expectancy between genders, and the illiteracy rate or average years of education by gender for educational investment. The empirical results comply with the theory, in that increases in life expectancy significantly lower illiteracy rates and improve the average schooling years in China. This content of the present paper is closely related to crucial issues like population aging, human capital accumulation and gender discrimination. Policy implications are discussed based on the empirical results.
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| 3 |
ID:
134870
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The present study examines the economic returns to English proficiency for college graduates in Mainland China, paths through which English proficiency may affect earnings, and possible moderation effects and crowding-out effects of English proficiency on other human capital. The analysis results indicate that English proficiency had significant effects on college graduates' starting salaries, their probability of changing permanent residence status from rural to urban, and their future earning potential. Possible reasons for the economic returns to English proficiency include increased chances of working in the employment sector where the average income was higher than in the other sectors and improved opportunities of landing job interviews. English proficiency may mitigate the effects of GPA rankings on salaries. Meanwhile, it did not seem to have been achieved at the expense of other important human capital investments. The results have policy implications as well as contributing to the literature.
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| 4 |
ID:
191155
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With rapid urbanization, millions of rural villagers have become urban citizens in China. This paper estimates the effect of the in situ urbanization policy on an individual's health by employing the difference-in-differences framework and using panel survey data from the China Family Panel Studies. Our findings show that this program, unlike other kinds of urbanization, which have had negative impacts on mental health or made people smoke or drink more, increased people's self-reported health status significantly. Further mechanism analysis reveals that the in situ urbanization policy affected health by increasing people's confidence in the future, their satisfaction with their current lives, and their medical insurance enrollment. This study highlights the importance of “the city comes to villagers” urbanization in China, and it can play an essential role in advancing the urbanization rate and avoiding the negative impacts of urbanization on health.
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| 5 |
ID:
149764
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We examined gender differences in performance-based pay in an institute of a top Chinese university, to provide insight into the gender earnings gap. We found that male professors earned more from research and less from teaching than did comparable female professors even though male and female professors showed no statistically significant difference in the total performance-based pay. Given the piece rate nature of bonuses in the institute and one's tendency to invest more time in areas where one has comparative advantages to maximize the total income, the study results lead to the conclusion that male professors displayed comparative advantage in research while female professors exhibited comparative advantage in teaching. The conclusion is corroborated by analyses of time allocation, and number of papers published as first author and as co-author.
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