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| 1 |
ID:
118855
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| Publication |
2013.
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| Summary/Abstract |
Photovoltaics (PV) is an eco-friendly and green technology, as a renewable energy source, with the aim of minimizing carbon dioxide emission into the atmosphere. The Korean government has financed various domestic installations as well as research and development (R&D) programs to enter and develop a lead in the worldwide PV market. In this study, R&D investments in the area of PV are analyzed in terms of the respective ministry, performer, research characteristics, PV materials and output levels in detail. The Korean government in the Fiscal year (FY) 2010 provided $178 million dollars from R&D funds for PV development. 74% of the R&D funds in the context of PV has been invested by the Ministry of Knowledge Economy (MKE). Expenditures for R&D programs in terms of PV are mainly funded by small-medium companies (40%), and the portion of the R&D investment in crystalline silicon solar cells is the highest in terms of materials. In spite of the high levels of R&D investment in PV, the output for commercialization was relatively lower compared to the R&D input in FY 2009-2010. With these results, we suggested to develop various solutions to improve the R&D investment efficiency for PV technology in Korea.
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| 2 |
ID:
115113
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| Publication |
2012.
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| Summary/Abstract |
Since electricity market restructuring, questions over adequate levels of R&D investments persisted. Using an unbalanced panel data of 70 electricity-generating firms across 15 Organisations of Economic Co-operation and Development countries from 1990 to 2008, this paper empirically examines the impacts of entry liberalization (allowing third party access, establishing a wholesale market, and deregulating a retail market), vertical unbundling, privatization, and firm size on R&D investments. Entry liberalization is associated with a decline in R&D investment. Establishing a wholesale market exhibits the greatest negative effects on R&D investment. Regulated TPA and retail market deregulation also decrease R&D. The effect of privatization is not independently salient but interacts with a wholesale pool to lower R&D investments. Large firms spend more on R&D investment than small firms. Results indicate that the restructuring of the electricity industry reduces R&D investment, which may be detrimental to the reliability and the efficiency of the electricity system as well as to the creation and maintenance of the innovation capabilities necessary to address demand and environmental concerns.
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