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| Srl | Item |
| 1 |
ID:
150393
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| Summary/Abstract |
A new international treaty, Minamata Convention, identifies mercury (Hg) as a global threat to human health and seeks to control its releases and emissions. Coal-fired power plants are a major source of mercury pollution worldwide and are expected to be the first key sector to be addressed in China under Minamata Convention. A best available technique (BAT) adoption model was developed in the form of a decision tree and cost-effectiveness for each technological option. Co-benefit control technologies and their enhancement with coal blending/switching and halogen injection (HI) can provide early measures to help China meet the Minamata Convention obligations. We project future energy and policy scenarios to simulate potential national mercury reduction goals for China and estimate costs of the control measures for each scenario. The “Minamata Medium” scenario, equivalent to the goal of the US Mercury and Air Toxics Standards (MATS) rule, requires the application of activated carbon injection (ACI) and HI on 30% and 20% of power plants, respectively. The corresponding total costs would be $2.5 billion, approximately one-fourth the costs in the US. An emission limit of 3 µg/m3 in 2030 was identified as a feasible policy option for China to comply with Minamata Convention.
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| 2 |
ID:
115178
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| Publication |
2012.
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| Summary/Abstract |
China's Central government established national goals to reduce sulfur dioxide (SO2) emissions by 10% in both the 10th and 11th Five-year Plan periods, 2001-2005 and 2006-2010, respectively. But the early policies were unsuccessful at reducing emissions-emissions increased 28% during the 10th Five-year Plan. After adapting a number of policies and introducing new instruments during the 11th Five-year Plan, SO2 emissions declined by 14%. We examine the evolution of these policies, their interplay with technical and institutional factors, and capture lessons from the 11th Five-year Plan to guide future pollution control programs. We find that several factors contributed to achievement of the 11th Five-year Plan SO2 reduction goal: (1) instrument choice, (2) political accountability, (3) emission verification, (4) political support, (5) streamlined targets, and (6) political and financial incentives. The approach integrated multiple policy instruments-market-based, command-and-control, and administrative instruments specific to the Chinese context. The evolution of SO2 reduction policies and programs has implications for further SO2 reductions from power plants and other sources, as well as control of other atmospheric pollutants such as nitrogen oxides (NOX) and carbon dioxide (CO2) in China.
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