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THRESHOLDS (2) answer(s).
 
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1
ID:   115216


Escalation and the war on terror / Stone, John   Journal Article
Stone, John Journal Article
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Publication 2012.
Summary/Abstract This article makes a case for treating escalation in irregular warfare as different in kind from the regular variant that was originally theorized during the Cold War. The regular variant emphasizes the role of clearly defined and commonly recognized `thresholds' as a means of organizing cooperation within conflict. In contrast, the irregular variant can reward efforts by weaker terroristic actors to erode the moral significance of the combatant/non-combatant threshold, just as it can reward efforts by their stronger adversaries to bolster it.
Key Words Terrorism  War on Terror  Escalation  Irregular Warfare  Thresholds 
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2
ID:   186390


Financial access and value added in Sub-Saharan Africa: Empirical Evidence from the Agricultural, Manufacturing, and Service Sectors / Asongu, Simplice A; Odhiambo, Nicholas M   Journal Article
Odhiambo, Nicholas M Journal Article
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Summary/Abstract This research assesses the importance of financial access on value added in three economic sectors in 25 countries in Sub-Saharan Africa using data for the period 1980–2014. The empirical evidence is based on the Generalized Method of Moments. Financial access is measured with private domestic credit, while the three outcome variables are: value added in the agricultural, manufacturing, and service sectors, respectively. Enhancing financial access does not significantly improve value added in the agricultural and manufacturing sectors, while enhancing financial access improves value added in the service sector. An extended analysis shows that, in order for the positive net incidence of enhancing credit access on value added to the service sector to be maintained, complementary policies are required when domestic credit to the private sector is between 77.50 percent and 98.50 percent of GDP. Policy implications are discussed.
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