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ID:
115663
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| Publication |
2012.
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| Summary/Abstract |
A number of U.S. states have passed legislation targeting energy efficiency and peak demand reduction. We study one such state, Pennsylvania, within the context of PJM, a regional electricity market covering numerous different states. Our focus is on the distributive impacts of this policy-specifically how the policy is likely to impact electricity prices in different areas of Pennsylvania and in the PJM market more generally. Such spatial differences in policy impacts are difficult to model and the transmission system is often ignored in policy studies. Our model estimates supply curves on a "zonal" basis within regional electricity markets and yields information on price and fuel utilization within each zone. We use the zonal supply curves estimated by our model to study regional impacts of energy-efficiency legislation on utilities both inside and outside of Pennsylvania. For most utilities in Pennsylvania, it would reduce the influence of natural gas on electricity price formation and increase the influence of coal. It would also save 2.1 to 2.8 percent of total energy cost in Pennsylvania in a year similar to 2009. The savings are lower than 0.5 percent in other PJM states and the prices may slightly increase in Washington, DC area.
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| 2 |
ID:
176727
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| Summary/Abstract |
This paper studies congestion in the Israeli transmission network due to integration of renewable energy sources, and suggests policies to address this problem. We show through an extensive set of simulations that several key lines are overloaded and therefore energy sources cannot be added without risking the system’s reliability. Moreover, additional renewable energy may be added by reducing production in conventional power plants at hours of peak solar power production. We also compare three scenarios of location and size of new solar plants, and show that the optimal distribution of these plants may reduce transmission line loads by several tens of percent. Lastly, this study demonstrates that line loads in areas with a high share of distributed renewable energy sources are not necessarily maximal during peak demand. As a consequence, the and contingency planning criteria should be updated accordingly. The paper concludes with policy recommendations for overcoming these problems, in order to promote integration of renewable energy sources in Israel.
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