| Srl | Item |
| 1 |
ID:
115663
|
|
|
|
|
| Publication |
2012.
|
| Summary/Abstract |
A number of U.S. states have passed legislation targeting energy efficiency and peak demand reduction. We study one such state, Pennsylvania, within the context of PJM, a regional electricity market covering numerous different states. Our focus is on the distributive impacts of this policy-specifically how the policy is likely to impact electricity prices in different areas of Pennsylvania and in the PJM market more generally. Such spatial differences in policy impacts are difficult to model and the transmission system is often ignored in policy studies. Our model estimates supply curves on a "zonal" basis within regional electricity markets and yields information on price and fuel utilization within each zone. We use the zonal supply curves estimated by our model to study regional impacts of energy-efficiency legislation on utilities both inside and outside of Pennsylvania. For most utilities in Pennsylvania, it would reduce the influence of natural gas on electricity price formation and increase the influence of coal. It would also save 2.1 to 2.8 percent of total energy cost in Pennsylvania in a year similar to 2009. The savings are lower than 0.5 percent in other PJM states and the prices may slightly increase in Washington, DC area.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 2 |
ID:
175034
|
|
|
|
|
| Summary/Abstract |
Incentive-based demand response (DR) policy plays an important role in guiding residents' electricity consumption behavior. How to effectively implement the DR policy has become a scientific issue that needs to be addressed urgently. To this end, based on the data from large-scale DR trials and matching questionnaires, the policy implementation path has been analyzed. The results show that households responded to the DR policy saved 0.09 kW h more electricity in the 1.5-h response period than households that did not respond to the DR policy. On the management implementation side, the subsidy price is crucial. Community publicity can also enhance the electricity saving effect. It also has been found that the electricity-saving potential of the low-level community is relatively limited. On the households' response side, households with higher household incomes, younger income earners, more air conditioners and small appliances, and higher gas consumption have higher policy participation. The novelty and originality of this article is that the data collected through large-scale controlled trials are unique and valuable. And we creatively combined trial data and surveys data together, which will enable us to further explore the implementation-side management factors and response-side household attributes. At the end, we put forward systematic policy recommendations for the implementation of DR policy, which has important references significance for countries with similar regulated electricity markets.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|