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ID: 116177

Audience cost theory and its audiences / Slantchev, Branislav L

Slantchev, Branislav L	Journal Article
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2012.

Key Words

Audience Cost Theory ; Audiences

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ID: 167282

Backing up, not backing down: Mitigating audience costs through policy substitution / Lin-Greenberg, Erik

Lin-Greenberg, Erik	Journal Article
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Summary/Abstract

Can a leader reduce the audience costs imposed for backing down completely on a threat by opting instead to ‘back up’ to a less hawkish policy? Current research examines the political repercussions of making a threat and then taking no action at all. Real world leaders, however, often ‘back up’ and implement policies that involve some action – for instance, imposing sanctions after threatening military force, rather than backing down entirely. This article argues that audience costs can be mitigated through policy substitution: backing up to less hawkish policies – that reduce inconsistency between a leader’s words and deeds – may reduce audience costs. A series of original survey experiments finds support for the argument and demonstrates that the population treats inconsistency as a continuum. The findings have implications for domestic politics and crisis bargaining. Domestically, a leader who backs up faces lower audience costs and is seen as more competent than one who backs down. Yet those on the receiving end of threats are less likely to believe the future threats of a foreign leader who has previously backed up or backed down. Backing up therefore degrades the credibility of crisis signals by making it difficult for rivals to distinguish between credible threats and those that will be backed up.

Key Words

Crisis Bargaining ; Policy Substitution ; Audience Cost Theory ; Public Opinion About Foreign Policy

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ID: 116179

Still looking for audience costs / Gartzke, Erik; Lupu, Yonatan

Gartzke, Erik	Journal Article
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Publication

2012.

Key Words

Audience Costs ; Mechanism ; Audience Cost Theory ; Domestic Audience Costs ; Iran - Democracy - 1941-1953

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