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| 1 |
ID:
116925
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| Publication |
2012.
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| Summary/Abstract |
This paper attempts to establish a long-run as well as causal relationship between economic growth and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions for Malaysia. Using data for the years from 1980 to 2009, the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis was tested utilizing the Auto Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) methodology. The empirical results suggest the existence of a long-run relationship between per capita CO2 emissions and real per capita Gross Domestic Product (GDP) when the CO2 emissions level is the dependent variable. We found an inverted-U shape relationship between CO2 emissions and GDP in both short and long-run, thus supporting the EKC hypothesis. The Granger Causality test based on the Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) presents an absence of causality between CO2 emissions and economic growth in the short-run while demonstrating uni-directional causality from economic growth to CO2 emissions in the long-run.
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| 2 |
ID:
124714
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| Publication |
2013.
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| Summary/Abstract |
This paper tests for the short and long-run relationship between economic growth, carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and energy consumption, using the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) by employing both the aggregated and disaggregated energy consumption data in Malaysia for the period 1980-2009. The Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) methodology and Johansen-Juselius maximum likelihood approach were used to test the cointegration relationship; and the Granger causality test, based on the vector error correction model (VECM), to test for causality. The study does not support an inverted U-shaped relationship (EKC) when aggregated energy consumption data was used. When data was disaggregated based on different energy sources such as oil, coal, gas and electricity, the study does show evidences of the EKC hypothesis. The long-run Granger causality test shows that there is bi-directional causality between economic growth and CO2 emissions, with coal, gas, electricity and oil consumption. This suggests that decreasing energy consumption such as coal, gas, electricity and oil appears to be an effective way to control CO2 emissions but simultaneously will hinder economic growth. Thus suitable policies related to the efficient consumption of energy resources and consumption of renewable sources are required.
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| 3 |
ID:
137669
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| Summary/Abstract |
This study investigates the existence of the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis in Vietnam during the period 1981–2011. To realize the goals of this study, a pollution model was established applying the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) methodology. The results revealed that the pollution haven hypothesis does exist in Vietnam because capital increases pollution. In addition, imports also increase pollution which indicates that most of Vietnam's imported products are energy intensive and highly polluted. However, exports have no effect on pollution which indicates that the level of exports is not significant enough to affect pollution. Moreover, fossil fuel energy consumption increases pollution while renewable energy consumption has no significant effect in reducing pollution. Furthermore, labor force reduces pollution since most of Vietnam's labor force is in the agricultural and services sectors which are less energy intensive than the industrial sector. Based on the obtained results, the EKC hypothesis does not exist because the relationship between GDP and pollution is positive in both the short and long run.
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| 4 |
ID:
186468
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| Summary/Abstract |
This study evaluates the effect of renewable, non-renewable energy consumption and economic growth on unemployment rate across 51 US states over the period 1977–2017. We applied a fixed effect model and a Seemingly Unrelated Regression Equations (SURE) model, which allows for an unknown form of cross-sectional dependence and slope heterogeneity. While the results of the fixed effects model indicate the negative and positive effects of non-renewable and renewable energy consumption on the unemployment rate, respectively, mixed results were received by employing SURE model at the state level. By allowing for slope heterogeneity, the results of the SURE model confirm that the non-renewable and renewable energy consumption only have job-creating effects in 19 and 6 out of 51 states, respectively. The renewable energy consumption has pro-unemployment effect in 20 states.
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