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| 1 |
ID:
116957
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| Publication |
2012.
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| Summary/Abstract |
The European Union has unilaterally committed to a 20% reduction of the greenhouse gas emissions and another 20% increase in energy efficiency by 2020. This work presents Ecotax, an economic policy instrument that supports the simultaneous achievement of both objectives, in the building sector.
The proposed instrument is a tax/subsidy scheme attached to the difference between the actual emissions and a specified target. It uses market pricing to value emissions trading price, and is directly integrated into the energy efficiency certification scheme. Thus, minimizing the administrative costs of its establishment.
During the project phase, the tax/subsidy falls on the construction companies which facilitates the funding of innovation in technology. In the operation phase, it falls on proprietors or end-users, stimulating sustainable consuming habits. In both cases, the administration acts as an intermediary, channeling funds from low to high energy efficiency agents, inside and outside the sector itself.
Although the instrument is specifically proposed for the building sector, it is easily translatable to other sectors that are not necessarily included in the emission allowance trading scheme of the European Union.
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| 2 |
ID:
125452
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| Publication |
2013.
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| Summary/Abstract |
The European Union has recently updated the regulations for energy performance of buildings and on the certification of energy-related products. The world is in the process of constructing policy frameworks to underwrite carbon emission reduction targets, best exemplified by the Kyoto Protocol. This requires complex technical and economical concepts to be presented in an understandable, transparent, and justifiable format.
A building's energy efficiency was traditionally determined based on its annual consumption relative to some average performance level. Emissions are calculated as a derivative of consumptions and their aggregated values allow verification of the level of fulfillment of the objectives. Here we take a different approach: considering that the greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) objectives must be achieved; hence, we fix the efficiency standard based on emissions objectives, and then derive the corresponding reference values of consumption.
Accordingly, we propose a certification scheme for energy efficiency in buildings based on targets of GHG emissions levels. This proposed framework includes both a label, namely the Ecolabel, and a fiche showing a set of indices and complementary information. The Ecolabel is designed to provide a flexible, evolvable, simple to use at the point of application, and transparent framework.
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