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ID:
133445
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2014.
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| Summary/Abstract |
Economic viability has attained a central place in India's development and it is also a driving force to forge peace and friendship with neighbouring countries. Just as China is resorting to economic measures to strengthen ties among Asian countries including India, India is also considered as one of the three major economies of Asia that has the capacity to mould stable relationship with Asian and neighbouring countries. To achieve the target of economic growth for economic sustainability there are various factors and swings which will determine the future course of economic history.
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| 2 |
ID:
117238
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2013.
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| Summary/Abstract |
One of the goals of the European Commission in the energy sector is creating a single competitive European market. The decision to liberalise energy markets has far-reaching consequences not only for gas companies, but also for the rest of the real economy in view of the fact that natural gas is being used as an important primary energy source in several sectors of production and in the power industry.
We aim to answer how liberalisation/unbundling has influenced gas pricing/prices in the Czech Republic. We investigate the individual components of end-customer gas prices according to the value chain and we define and structure the drivers of these components.
We use a case study from the Czech Republic, one of the Central and Eastern European countries, which, contrary to the old Member States, is buying most of its gas from one supplier (high import dependence and low supply diversity) and where the transmission and distribution network is characterised by a sufficient contractual and physical capacity. We stress that next to basic conditions on the European gas market (import dependency on external gas producers) legal and institutional conditions and the initial market structure of each Member State are also important for the results of the liberalisation.
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| 3 |
ID:
132747
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2014.
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| Summary/Abstract |
Using a set of unbalanced panel data for Chinese×s cities during the period of 2006-2009, this study aims to estimate the price and income elasticities of residential demand for natural gas. Natural gas consumption is specified as a function of its own price; substitute prices; urban wages; and other supply, climate, and housing characteristics. Using a feasible generalised least squares (FGLS) technique, which controls for panel heteroskedasticity and panel correlation, we find that natural gas consumption is price elastic and income inelastic when other covariates (e.g., the supply of natural gas pipeline and heating degree days) are controlled. In addition, there are large variations in demand behaviours across China×s regions. There is a substantial income effect on demand for natural gas in southern China, whereas the northern regions are found to have a higher price effect. In addition, the substitution effect between coal and natural gas is significant in North China but is not significant in South China. These findings have several important policy implications for natural gas pricing and supply cost analysis in the context of China.
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