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ID:
137673
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| Summary/Abstract |
In 2013, China׳s national government abandoned its previous cautious policy and started to promote large-scale deployment of coal-based synthetic natural gas (SNG). Coal-based SNG is both carbon-intensive and very water-intensive. Driven by a smog crisis and the recession of coal industry, China׳s 2013 policy change is major setback in its long-term efforts in carbon mitigation and water conservation. The government of China made the policy change before the commercial commencement of China׳s first SNG demonstration plant. Since the commencement of China׳s SNG demonstration plant, many problems have started to appear. In this article, I discuss the nature of demonstration project and explain the danger in starting a crash program without evaluating the demonstration comprehensively and transparently.
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| 2 |
ID:
117294
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| Publication |
2013.
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| Summary/Abstract |
The road transport sector today is almost exclusively dependent on fossil fuels. Consequently, it will need to face a radical change if it aims to switch from a fossil-based system to a renewable-based system. Even though there are many promising technologies under development, they must also be economically viable to be implemented. This paper studies the economic feasibility of synthesizing natural gas through methanation of carbon dioxide and hydrogen from water electrolysis. It is shown that the main influences for profitability are electricity prices, synthetic natural gas (SNG) selling prices and that the by-products from the process are sold. The base scenario generates a 16% annual return on investment assuming that SNG can be sold at the same price as petrol. A general number based on set conditions was that the SNG must be sold at a price about 2.6 times higher per kWh than when bought in form of electricity. The sensitivity analysis indicates that the running costs weigh more heavily than the yearly investment cost and off-peak production can therefore still be economically profitable with only a moderate reduction of electricity price. The calculations and prices are based on Swedish prerequisites but are applicable to other countries and regions.
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| 3 |
ID:
192717
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| Summary/Abstract |
Renewable gases like biomethane or Synthetic Natural Gas (SNG) can play an important role in short-to mid-term decarbonization of the residential heating sector. By (partially) replacing the dominant natural gas, they accomplish two major goals: lowering CO2 emissions and lessening import dependencies. While existing research points to great production potential and technical options for producing renewable gases, the demand side has largely been neglected. Yet consumer decision making is highly relevant for climate change mitigation. Against this backdrop, we conducted a Discrete Choice Experiment with 512 heating consumers in Germany, a country with a high dependency on natural gas. We decomposed the gas tariff into six attributes (share of renewable gas, labels, regionality, biomethane feedstock, supplier type, and price) with varying attribute levels.
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