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| 1 |
ID:
128330
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2014.
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| Summary/Abstract |
The October 10, 2013, edition of many American papers featured a photo of fugitive NSA contractor Edward Snowden in Russia, surrounded by former NSA executive Thomas Drake, former FBI agent Coleen Rowley, and former CIA analyst Ray McGovern. The three former government officials were in Russia to present Snowden with something called the Sam Adams Award for Integrity in Intelligence. All three had previously won the award themselves, along with WikiLeaks founder Julian Assange and Katharine Gun, a translator for the British intelligence agency GCHQ who alleged NSA plans to tap the communications of UN members in the run-up to the Iraq War.
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| 2 |
ID:
131596
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2013.
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| Summary/Abstract |
This research note explores the transit issue that has become one of the most problematic disputes overtime between India and Bangladesh. It also analyzes its long-term implication in the bilateral relations between them. The history dates back to the pre independence period when Bangladesh and India were part of the British colony. The roads_. water and railways were then integrated in the communication system. The outlets to the sea were through Chittagong port or via the rivers of Bangladesh reaching the ports of Kolkata. India had pressed Bangladesh to provide transit facilities through the hearts of Bangladesh to connect West Bengal in the west and Tripura in the east. India claims that it will use this transit facility solely for the transport of ?eight and goods between two remotely connected parts of India. But Bangladesh has persistently denied any such agreement earing it as a threat to national security.
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| 3 |
ID:
118000
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2013.
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The US billion dollars investments in cyber security are creating a securitisation of cyberspace. What has happened meanwhile in Europe? The argument is threefold. First, cyber threats were raised to the national threat level in Germany (2006), France (2008) and the UK (2008), but the justifications put forward for such an upgrade did not hold, as well as invested resources at that point in time. Second, cyber security strategy followed up this upgrade and designed a framework to tackle the threat that was found coherent with the assessment of the respective national security strategies. Third, cyber insecurity stemmed from criminals operating in cyberspace. Therefore, deterring criminals should have been at the core of tackling cyber insecurity but the defence strategies of France, Germany and the UK were instead focused on mitigating the effects of cyber attacks.
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| 4 |
ID:
150992
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Does ongoing exposure to political violence prompt subject groups to support or oppose compromise in situations of intractable conflict? If so, what is the mechanism underlying these processes? Political scholarship neither offers conclusive arguments nor sufficiently addresses individual-level forms of exposure to violence in the context of political conflict, particularly the factors mediating political outcomes. We address this by looking at the impact of exposure to political violence, psychological distress, perceived threat, and ethos of conflict on support for political compromise. A mediated model is hypothesized whereby exposure to political violence provokes support for the ethos of conflict and hinders support for compromise through perceived psychological distress and perceived national threat. We examined representative samples of two parties to the same conflict: Israelis (N = 781) and Palestinians from Gaza, East Jerusalem, and the West Bank (N = 1,196). The study’s main conclusion is that ethos of conflict serves as a mediating variable in the relationship between exposure to violence and attitudes toward peaceful settlement of the conflict.
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| 5 |
ID:
128437
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2013.
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| Summary/Abstract |
Challenges to internal security of India are numerous. The extent and scope of threats are complex, varied and vast. No other country in the world confronts so many threats, with so much intensity, at the same time. Overall, more than 50 per cent of India is said to be affected by one or the other of these threats, which are not just 'law and order' problems. They have increasing external dimension falsifying conventional wisdom that internal security threats are caused mainly by internal sources. They threaten the body politic like a 'cancer'. The state of poor internal security situation is not because of India's unfavourable strategic environment but also due to weak internal security mechanism, especially its criminal justice system. In this context, the article argues that if appropriate actions are not taken, the threats may result in the gradual degradation of the Indian State. It suggests renewed set of policies and mechanisms in political, economic, socio-cultural, military and diplomatic arena.
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| 6 |
ID:
128089
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2012.
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With its strong focus on nationalism, the militant Islamism group has become a major challenger to Hamas's authority in the Gaza Strip. Mohammed Najib examines the rise of Palestine Islamist Jihad and its armed wing that has links to Syria and Iran
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| 7 |
ID:
124496
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2013.
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The most immediate threat to the security of Nigeria is the Islamist insurgency raging in its north east region. Deadly attacks have killed a large number of people, devastated infrastructure, and hindered military success in this region and beyond. High ranking members of Al-Qaida may have been harbored, and the insurgents are affiliated with various militant sects, who pose a threat to wider sub Saharan Africa, especially Nigeria.
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| 8 |
ID:
128090
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2012.
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Over the past 12 months, the militant groups the Shabab has lost all the major territorial strongholds to government, Ethiopian and Kenyan forces.
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