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| 1 |
ID:
119000
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| 2 |
ID:
143110
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| Summary/Abstract |
This article explores the drivers behind Saddam Husayn's decisions to target civilians during the Iran-Iraq War. Comparing the intensity and casualty rates of Saddam's counter-city campaigns, the study asks whether their variation was linked to Iraqi battlefield performance, the type and intensity of Iranian offensives, or international attention to the matter. Analysis is based on Saddam Husayn's taped conversations with his advisers, media reports from the period, and public records from Saddam's 2004 interrogation sessions.
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| 3 |
ID:
144285
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| Summary/Abstract |
This article explores the paradox of trust in the largest nuclear smuggling operation involving highly enriched uranium (HEU) discussed in open source literature. In the first effort to understand the type, extent, and role of trust in nuclear smuggling enterprises, it draws from literature on trust development in legitimate businesses as well as criminal enterprises. Observed behavioral patterns in this case challenge traditional notions of the internal dynamics of temporary groups engaged in nuclear smuggling and operational realities of such activities. The article seeks to explain why individuals agree (and continue) to operate in this high-risk environment, unbound by close personal ties, without any effort to verify the background, motives, or qualifications of the fellow conspirators. It offers ways to advance current nonproliferation efforts in non-state actor interdiction by exploiting the environment of shallow trust in temporary groups.
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