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| 1 |
ID:
131332
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2014.
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| Summary/Abstract |
This paper employs previously unused archival sources to highlight some of the misconceptions and debates which surround the Japanese National Police Reserve (1950-1952), the precursor to today's Ground Self Defense Force. The paper, which is the first on the National Police Reserve in English, examines much of the current historiography's categorisation of the Reserve as an army, based on a very thin set of sources, and contrasts this with the content of the primary sources in an attempt to reveal the true character of the force. In doing so it also attempts to assess the relative importance of the internal and external influences behind the NPR's creation. The article and its conclusions will be valuable in deepening the understanding of the character of the NPR and its position in the broader histories of the Occupation of Japan, Japanese security policy and Japan's Cold War(s).
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| 2 |
ID:
130903
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2014.
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| Summary/Abstract |
To my mind, the European Union - EU was planned as strictly an economic union and its founder did not plan right from the start to form a single European community of nations or even a European civilization of a higher level.
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| 3 |
ID:
133135
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2014.
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The mixed results of efforts to reform the governance of security forces in the aftermath of conflict require deeper examination of the political constraints that shape statebuilding processes. In Bosnia and Herzegovina, attempts to restructure and centralize the security forces led to a substantial though incomplete reform of the military, but limited impact on the police forces. These uneven results are rooted in the nature of political coalitions that constrain recipient leaders and shape their interaction with external actors. While Bosnian leaders mostly relied on a cohesive political base that favoured close links between political parties and the police forces, fragmentation within these parties generated internal threats that enabled reforms to the military. This case demonstrates the limits of external influence without changes to underlying political conditions.
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| 4 |
ID:
131458
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2014.
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Although Turkey has come a long way in terms of human rights since the 1980 military coup, a closer historical look inside the Turkish political scene shows us how freedom of speech was always to be sacrificed if its exercise threatened the perceived unity of the country. The article shows how decision makers' perceptions of the state as a superior institution in need of protection have shaped the practice of governing free speech in Turkey since the early years of the Republic, and introduces a unique chronology, accounting for the interaction of internal and external influences.
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| 5 |
ID:
119120
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2013.
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| Summary/Abstract |
This article critiques the predominant opinion that aid undermines the sovereignty of African states. This claim implies not only that a recipient state's policy autonomy is curtailed by development assistance, but also more fundamentally that the politico-legal independence of the state itself is being challenged. While the former is often the case, the latter is not. Drawing a conceptual and analytical distinction between sovereignty as a right to rule and national control over policy and outcomes, the article develops a more accurate identification of the areas in which aid, as a particular form of external influence, does and does not have an impact on recipient states. It argues that sovereignty as a right to rule constitutes the very basis of the aid relationship, and endows African states with the agency with which to contest the terms of aid deals. The article thus provides a new reading of the politics of aid and, by reasserting the centrality of sovereignty as an organizing institution in contemporary aid relations, supports rather than questions the relevance of the discipline of International Relations to African studies.
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| 6 |
ID:
139168
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The strategic environment in South Asia and Northeast Asia has four nuclear weapon states, of which three (China, India and Pakistan) share problems by facts of geography, history, and ideological and power competition. China seeks to determine the contours and shape of future events in the region, with its economic and military power most likely to influence the region. India looks at economic growth based on its core values and security, and a peaceful environment, to assume its rightful place
in the comity of nations. Pakistan, a revisionist state, and now a haven and nursery for terrorists, is in competition to emerge as a dominant power in the region and continues to follow policies to destabilise the region, even at the cost of hurting its own long-term national interest. Besides the direct dynamics, external influences impact the states in different ways, and all combined, these determine the strategic stability environment.
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