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INTEGRATED FRAGMENTATION (2) answer(s).
 
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ID:   169195


Integrated Fragmentation and the Role of Leading Small Groups in Chinese Politics / Tsai , Wen-Hsuan ; Zhou,Wang   Journal Article
Wen-Hsuan Tsai and Wang Zhou Journal Article
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Summary/Abstract How are bureaucrats controlled by their superiors in the Chinese political system? “Leading small groups” (领导小组) are among the most important mechanisms for integrating the interests and opinions of various government and Party departments so that superiors can ensure that their policies are implemented. This article analyzes the roles of the three main actors in the leading small groups: group leaders, the heads of the lead departments, and the office directors. We discuss how these individuals operate through formal institutional approaches and informal political channels. Group politics of this kind is moving China’s decision-making process toward “integrated fragmentation.” We conclude that compared with previous Chinese regimes, Xi Jinping is making greater use of leading small groups to promote further reforms and to practice individualized centralization.
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2
ID:   119180


Politics and business group formation in China: the party in control? / Brodsgaard, Kjeld Erik   Journal Article
Brodsgaard, Kjeld Erik Journal Article
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Publication 2012.
Summary/Abstract As a result of economic reform and administrative restructuring in China, a number of powerful state-owned business groups ("national champions") have emerged within sectors of strategic importance. They are headed by a new corporate elite which enjoys unprecedentedly high levels of remuneration and managerial independence from government agencies and which derives legitimacy from symbolizing China's economic rise. However, through the nomenklatura system, the Party controls the appointment of the CEOs and presidents of the most important of these enterprises and manages a cadre transfer system which makes it possible to transfer/rotate business leaders to take up positions in state and Party agencies. In order to conceptualize the coexistence of the contradicting forces for further enterprise autonomy and continued central control that characterizes the evolving relationship between business groups and the Party-state, this paper proposes the notion of integrated fragmentation.
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