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| 1 |
ID:
183602
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| Summary/Abstract |
Mitigating energy consumption and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in the metal mining industry heavily depends on the employment of energy conservation technologies in each individual metal mine. However, predicting the energy conservation potential and associated cost for a specific mine is difficult, especially considering the interaction between technology employment and open-pit limit variation. Therefore, this study integrates the conventional energy conservation-supply-curve (CSC) approach with the ultimate-pit-limit (UPL) analysis in the estimation of energy conservation potential and cost due to technology application. The results from the case study show that conventional CSC analysis provides overestimated potential with underestimated cost under market-based promotion policy. On the other hand, a target-responsibility-system-based (TRS-based) provides underestimated potential with overestimated cost. Sensitivity analysis shows that energy price has the largest impact on the energy conservation potential and associated cost. The policies that raise energy and carbon prices contribute not only to mitigating energy consumption, but also to reducing associated costs, even though they are accompanied by a reduction in mineral supply. This study suggests that the policy that subsidizes conserved energy should be integrated with a TRS-based policy to mitigate the elimination of energy conservation potential due to expansion of the open-pit limit.
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| 2 |
ID:
124546
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2013.
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| Summary/Abstract |
This paper employs a structural time series model designed with three components of stochastic seasonality, trigonometric expression of cyclicality and local linear trend to investigate the evolutionary process of China's GDP. In particular, the model is able to detect the stop-go feature of China's economic growth, i.e., growth cycle, as well as business cycle. The empirical result suggests that most variation in China's macroeconomic performance came from business cycle. The investigation of the three components along with historical events suggests that the Chinese economy had been largely influenced by political activities up to the early 1990s. In the mid-1990s China entered a period of stable and highly growing economy, thanks to the economic reform and the successful implementation of macroeconomic policies. However, since the mid-2000s China has become more sensitive to the turbulences in international markets. In the foreseeable future, the challenge facing China is a more volatile economy with possible slowdown in the economic growth, although the growth rate would still be high compared to developed economies.
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| 3 |
ID:
180096
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| Summary/Abstract |
Renewable energy based mini-grids offer a critical solution for universal access to energy in sub-Saharan Africa. We conduct a survey in rural Sierra Leone to measure the perception of local beneficiaries of two solar mini-grid projects vis-à-vis renewable energy potential, community engagement and poverty alleviation. By applying a simple mediation model, we find that the community engagement plays a significant role of chain of influence between renewable energy and poverty reduction - each 1% increase in the perceived renewable energy potential can lead to a 0.195% increase in the perceived poverty reduction, resulting from the community engagement. This mediating effect of the community engagement accounts for around 60% of the total effects of renewable energy on poverty reduction. These findings suggest that empowering the community is essential to creating electricity demand and delivering development impact of renewable energy based mini-grids in the deep poverty context.
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| 4 |
ID:
119209
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| Publication |
2013.
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| Summary/Abstract |
In the traditional labor supply-demand approach, unemployment usually results from a lack of labor demand or excess of labor supply. However, in urban China, unemployment coexists with a conflicting phenomenon, shortage of workers in firms. In this study, we employ a novel approach to tackle this issue, search and matching theory, the empirical study of which has not drawn much attention in China. Our multiple model consisted of job-worker matching, job creation and destruction, rural-urban immigration and on-the-job search, and unemployment changes in China. We used non-linear estimation and the three-stage least squares analysis in this study. We found that matching efficiency declined greatly during the 1996-2008 period. The econometric model and simulation results indicated four key factors that led to changes in China's unemployment level: matching efficiency, job destruction, productivity growth, and job-search services. Finally, by using our econometric model, we identified the reasons for the shifts in the Beveridge curve.
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| 5 |
ID:
173206
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Homogeneous ethnic labels, deriving from migrants’ phenotypic and cultural distinctness, are frequently utilised to single them out as the Other during intercultural encounters. Nonetheless, the Othering enacted by ethnic labelling has not attracted enough attention from host-nationals who use these labels. In-depth interviews with 35 American expatriates revealed that laowai was perceived as a discourse of Othering, which first categorised Westerners under this label as the Other in mainland China for their noticeable non-Chinese physical appearance, and then exposed them to its Chinese users’ diversely motivated stereotyping in such forms as exclusion, alienation and discrimination. However, Chinese people had not noticed laowai’s nature of being a stereotype-laden discourse of Othering and conversely considered this label as a neutral and even friendly expression. Ultimately, these Americans experienced Chinese people’s habitual use of laowai as a way to separate them as permanent outsiders who were subject to Occidentalism in mainland China.
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| 6 |
ID:
187827
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Using data from the China Family Panel Studies (CFPS) 2010 and a strictly implemented one-child policy as a quasi-experiment, this paper analyses the changes in parents' educational expectations of their children and the underlying mechanisms in a fuzzy regression discontinuity framework. It was found that one-child policy compliers have lower educational expectations for their children after acquiring an advanced education than those who did not. The finding remains valid after robustness analysis and placebo tests. Combined with an examination of the intergenerational effects of birth, this finding may be related to parents' assessment of and responses to educational returns and equality of educational opportunities. It was also found that parents with lower educational attainment in the high-income group have higher educational expectations than those with higher educational attainment, while for those with lower income, there is no significant difference between higher educational attainment and otherwise, which indirectly verifies the causal inference of this paper. The finding of this study explains the new “useless education theory” and provides a new perspective for understanding the intergenerational transmission of education.
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| 7 |
ID:
125547
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| Publication |
2013.
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| Summary/Abstract |
China is experiencing rapid motorization and each city has a unique motorization pathway owing to its different characteristics and development progress. The temporal and spatial variation trend in on-road energy use and CO2 emissions need to be better understood in order to project the future growth and to support policy-making at both local and national levels. This study simulates the on-road energy use and CO2 emissions of all of China's prefectural-level cities (and above) from 1978 through 2008, on the basis of the collected vehicle data from hundreds of national and local statistical yearbooks. The results show that China's on-road energy use and CO2 emissions were 119 million metric tons (MMT) and 377 MMT in 2008, respectively-20 times the levels in 1978. The economically developed cities and heavy industrial cities had the highest on-road energy use and CO2 emissions before the year 2000, but recently the spatial distribution has varied significantly as the uptake of motorization increases successively in these cities. Now and in the near future, the most important driving force of the on-road energy and CO2 growth in China is the great number of average cities that have just started or will soon start the motorization.
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