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ID: 144238

Artillery, light and heavy: Sardinia-Piedmont and Sweden in the nineteenth century / Wulff, Petter

Wulff, Petter	Article
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Summary/Abstract

The artillery revolution of the nineteenth century came about partly through collaboration between southern and northern Europe. Their outlooks were quite different. In the south, the Kingdom of Sardinia-Piedmont needed to go on the offensive beyond its borders to achieve its aim of creating a united Italy. In the north Sweden had the defensive aim of protecting its borders against an invading enemy. This situation called for two different kinds of artillery—light and movable in the south; heavy and powerful in the north. How the two countries, in spite of their different outlooks, came to be involved in a joint development of path-breaking artillery technology is the subject of this article.

Key Words

Artillery ; Sweden ; Nineteenth Century ; Sardinia-Piedmont

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ID: 119412

Impact of a high-tech spy / Wulff, Petter

Wulff, Petter	Journal Article
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2013.

Summary/Abstract

Air Force colonel Stig Wennerström was the most dangerous spy to Sweden in the Cold War era. His espionage was found to have been especially crippling to the Swedish air defence and its high-tech systems. That is where repair work was seen to be most urgent. As the politicians turned down appeals for extra funding, it was up to the military system itself to handle the situation. In spite of this, the Supreme Commander appears not to have pressed for Air Force priority to repair resources. The service's proportion of the defence budget did not increase, and other quantitative and qualitative evidence points to a similar lack of Air Force priority. Three theoretical approaches are used to explain how this failure to act could have come about. A rationality model is discussed and compared to an organizational competition approach and to an approach based on the character of key individuals.

Key Words

Air Force ; Defence Budget ; Spy ; High - Tech Spy ; Stig Wennerstrom ; Swedish Air Defence

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