| Publication |
2013.
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| Summary/Abstract |
The wave of protests that began in December 2010 and swept the Arab world ended dozens of years of regime stability in the Middle East. The spontaneous outpouring of the masses into the streets in protest of numerous years of dictatorship, tyranny, and corruption, for instance, in Egypt, took by surprise even those who allegedly understand the Egyptian street: journalists and academic experts active in this field; Western intelligence services, particularly in the United States and Israel, two countries that perceived Egyptian president Hosni Mubarak as an essential ally and an island of stability; and even among the Egyptian security and intelligence services, which, as in other dictatorial regimes, had invested considerable efforts into the regime's preservation.
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