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| 1 |
ID:
119836
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| Publication |
2013.
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| Summary/Abstract |
Sustainability research at the city scale is increasingly focusing on urban household consumption in the context of global climate change. We use a complementary emergy accounting (EMA) and carbon footprint accounting (CFA) method to investigate the environmental pressure generated by household consumption in Xiamen, China. We distinguish between the resource extraction, consumption and disposal stages within an urban spatial conceptual framework, comprising the Urban Footprint Region (UFR) and Urban Sprawl Region (USR), and analyze five environmental footprint categories associated with cross-boundary household emergy and carbon flows. Cross-boundary activities, which link the USR with its UFR, contributed nearly 90% of total emergy and 70% of total GHG emissions in CFA. Transport fuel, building materials and food contribute most to environmental pressure in both EMA and CFA. The results indicate a significant cross-boundary resource burden and environmental footprint associated with household activities. The employed framework, method, and scope challenge the conventional spatial boundary of the urban system, and the results have important policy implications for urban sustainability and cross-boundary environmental management.
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| 2 |
ID:
124589
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| Publication |
2013.
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| Summary/Abstract |
Consumption accounting of urban greenhouse gas emissions is preferable to production accounting, because cities are open systems which depend on the import of large quantities of externally produced goods. In this paper we use environmental input-output analysis to construct CO2 production and consumption accounting inventories for Xiamen, a rapidly developing coastal city in southeast China. We found that, in 2007, total emissions embodied in production were 21.8 Mt CO2, of which 17.1 Mt CO2 were embodied in exports and 4.7 Mt CO2 resulted from local demand on local production. If the large amounts of emissions embodied in the Xiamen reprocessing trade are excluded from the analysis, total imported emissions were 12.2 Mt CO2, consumption emissions were 16.9 Mt CO2, and Xiamen was a net exporter of 4.9 Mt CO2. Although Xiamen's rapid economic growth is dependent on large-scale flows of embodied emissions, most of these emissions are not produced or consumed within the city system.
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