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| 1 |
ID:
120094
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| Publication |
2012.
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| Summary/Abstract |
The growth of new space systems and the continued creation of orbital debris could in a few years make activities in Earth orbit unsustainable, so finding cost-effective ways to sustain space activities in Earth orbit is essential. Because outer space activities serve the needs of the military-intelligence, civil, and commercial communities, each with their own requirements, creating the necessary international agreements for reaching and maintaining a condition of sustainability will not be easy. This paper summarizes the primary issues for the international space community regarding our future ability to reap the benefit of space systems in Earth orbit. It explores several of the efforts to develop international agreements that would lead to or support the sustainability of space activities and examines the benefits and drawbacks of each approach. In particular, it reviews progress within the UN COPUOS, and examines the EU's proposal for an international Code of Conduct for Outer Space Activities. It also notes the need for states to establish or expand their own space legal infrastructure to conform to the UN treaties and guidelines for space activities.
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| 2 |
ID:
132831
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| Publication |
New Delhi, Observer Research Foundation,
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| Description |
275p.Pbk
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Copies: C:1/I:0,R:0,Q:0
Circulation
| Accession# | Call# | Current Location | Status | Policy | Location |
| 057859 | 358.8/RAJ 057859 | Main | On Shelf | General | |
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| 3 |
ID:
157181
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| Summary/Abstract |
Traditional space relations among civilian space actors are undergoing in the post-cold war era a rapid evolution with a growing number of new institutional entities. The cold war era and its resulting political environment, which limited space cooperation to ‘intra-bloc’ cooperation has disappeared, allowing the development of new axes and mechanisms of cooperation. The internationalization and regionalization of space activities witnessed in recent years is foreseen to gain momentum, leading therefore to a new geography of civilian space activities.
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| 4 |
ID:
132721
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2014.
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| Summary/Abstract |
space systems play an important role in sustaining the development, prosperity and security of many nations. As more nations become critically reliant on space systems, questions of maintaining safety and strategic stability in outer space have come to the fore. Transparency and Confidence-Building Measures (TCBMs) for outer space activities have an important role to play in providing clarity about the intentions of States and in articulating norms of behaviour in outer space. TCBMs take several forms. They may be the elaboration of basic principles related to the exploration and use of outer space, political measures related to establishing norms of conduct, information-sharing activities to improve the transparency of outer space activities, operational practices which demonstrate a commitment to mutual cooperation in outer space, or consultative mechanisms. We present an analytical framework for evaluating potential TCBMs and illustrate the application of this framework to examples of potential operational, regulatory, treaty-based and declaratory TCBMs.
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| 5 |
ID:
183406
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| Summary/Abstract |
In the coming decade, intensifying competition between great powers will
have a significant impact on the development of space activities (SA) and
on the future of international cooperation in this field. The article examines
the scope, development paths and competitive advantages of individual
countries in the field of space activities, and explores fundamental issues
of competition and cooperation. A system analysis method is used to
assess current dynamics in this area. The U.S. is expanding cooperation
with its allies, while Russia is strengthening cooperation with China in the
SA field. We note the “securitization” of SA development processes and
emphasize the expansion of the “space” dimension of the international
security agenda. There is a danger that “natural competition” may turn
into “confrontation,” which is a key factor influencing, inter alia, the need
to change the form of organization, the principles, the strategy, and the
mechanisms of international cooperation. The article also substantiates the
need to strengthen the role of international cooperation in the SA field as
a “binding” component of global security.
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