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| 1 |
ID:
178361
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| Summary/Abstract |
It is generally recognised that towards the end of the nineteenth century the Anglo-American relationship entered a new phase characterised by friendship-building initiatives. However, as American businesses sought to expand into the British Empire’s markets, that enterprise required trust more than friendship. This article captures an overlooked aspect of Ambassador Bayard’s cultural diplomacy, one that sought to build trust for American products and services by harnessing American philanthropy notably through his and other prominent Americans’ engagement with the Carlyle House Memorial Museum in the Empire’s capital. Simultaneously, Bayard’s engagement with the museum celebrated America’s endorsement of international copyright legislation. It argues that Thomas Carlyle’s views, together with his friendship with Ralph Waldo Emerson, made the museum-making initiative particularly suited to such purposes. At Carlyle’s House, a thriving group of American ex–patriots and tourists could associate the friendship of the two authors with ‘higher’ ideals of a ‘civilisation’ held in trust.
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| 2 |
ID:
120425
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| Publication |
2013.
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| Summary/Abstract |
This exploratory essay reflects on recent scholarship on twentieth-century European-American relations that has used the concept of "Americanisation," particularly with regard to cultural transfers. The essay analyses how concepts of Americanisation have changed over time and uses the historiography of American philanthropy abroad to illustrate these changes. Whilst most scholars who apply the concept now view Americanisation as a two-way process which entails selective adaptation and transformation, there are subtle differences in emphasis. The essay traces these in the use of metaphors. Two metaphors have achieved prominence recently, the highway and the turntable. Testing both against empirical material taken from the transnational history of American foundations, the article then introduces a third metaphor, the mirror maze, which brings out a neglected dimension, the question of reflexivity.
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