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| Srl | Item |
| 1 |
ID:
191232
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| Summary/Abstract |
This review provides a new perspective on issues about Japan's energy policy, emphasizing inherent justice failings in the country's energy policy framework—energy security, economic efficiency, environment, and safety (3E + S). To do so, we integrated a conceptual framework of energy justice synthesized from a review of the energy justice literature into a review of Japan's energy policy discourses, particularly the positioning of the 3E + S framework and its institutional basis in relation to the changes after the Fukushima nuclear disaster. The analysis revealed that besides a few fruitless attempts to integrate aspects of justice into energy policymaking in the immediate aftermath of Fukushima, the energy policy framework enforces the energy security paradigm of the post-oil shock period and carries inherent justice failings. This points to the normalization effect of injustices through institutionalization under the influence of the nuclear power industry. The analysis indicates a need to rethink the current 3E + S framework to integrate a framework of energy justice that addresses the inherent justice failings into energy policy decision-making beyond the energy security and economic growth paradigm, increasingly urgent needs as Japan works toward achieving its net-zero CO2 commitment and its overall climate-change alleviation goals by 2050.
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| 2 |
ID:
121039
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| Publication |
2013.
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| Summary/Abstract |
This essay notes some of the key institutions created in the twentieth century for the purpose of delivering energy in North America. Those institutions are being challenged by a combination of stresses in three interconnected areas: reliability, economics, and environmental sustainability. The essay argues that these three stresses create an "energy trilemma" requiring institutional reform. We suggest that new and modified institutions can best be understood if we evaluate them along three dimensions: institutional scale, structure, and scope. We consider real-world examples of recent institutions in light of each of these dimensions and note both successes and concerns that those factors illuminate. We conclude by noting that some institutional changes will be organic and unplanned; but many others, including responses to climate change, will benefit from conscious attention to scale, structure, and scope by those engaged in designing and building the energy institutions needed in the twenty-first century.
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| 3 |
ID:
166490
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| Summary/Abstract |
Small-scale renewable energy technologies offer impoverished rural communities in developing countries the ability to overcome extreme poverty and improve their living conditions. Unfortunately, most presented frameworks for rural electrifications have not adequately addressed the three cores of energy trilemma. This paper proposes a methodology of rural electrification planning to overcome the three cores of the energy trilemma (environment, security and equity), considering four sustainability dimensions: environmental, technical, socioeconomic and institutional. The proposal is based on a review of the Venezuelan program “Sembrando Luz” (“Sowing Light”), developed between 2005 and 2013, through visits to 28 beneficiary communities. A set of lessons learned were used to define the methodological proposal developed here. This proposal establishes specific objectives for the achievement of sustainability in rural electrification programs, through a novel conceptual framework, valid for the achievement of universal access anywhere in the world. In addition, hierarchical criteria and a projects classification are proposed, which finally enables a projects portfolio to be designed according to the technical and financial conditions available in each country. As a case study, the planning methodology is applied to 2,269 isolated communities in Venezuela that still lack electricity. The methods and conclusions of this work are intended to be a contribution to the improvement of rural electrification programs with renewable energy in other countries of the developing world.
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| 4 |
ID:
175898
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| Summary/Abstract |
We present a power market model that couples short-term electricity markets of five interconnected countries: Switzerland, Austria, Germany, Italy and France. The model simulates the Swiss energy transition. It examines the impact of international (carbon taxation, fuel prices and the expansion of cross-border transmission capacities) and national policies both on short-term operation and long-term evolution of Swiss electricity supply, CO2 emissions, consumer costs and security of supply. The study shows the importance of understanding the interplay of policies and market players to achieve the decarbonization goals effectively. We simulate three national scenarios (Reference, RES+, NUC+), which differ in RES support and nuclear phase-out plans. We compare them along the dimensions of the Energy Trilemma prism: sustainability (CO2 emissions), affordability (costs to the consumer) and security of supply. The Reference scenario results in the highest CO2 emissions. Boosting solar via increased RES support in the RES + scenario reduces CO2 emissions, but increases costs to consumers. NUC + scenario provides the highest CO2 savings potential and the lowest costs to consumers. However, the nuclear extension would need to obtain regulatory or social approval. All scenarios prove a need for a Strategic Reserve to ensure compliance with the legal security of supply criteria.
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