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| 1 |
ID:
156707
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| Summary/Abstract |
Scholars are increasingly utilizing online workforces to encode latent political concepts embedded in written or spoken records. In this letter, we build on past efforts by developing and validating a crowdsourced pairwise comparison framework for encoding political texts that combines the human ability to understand natural language with the ability of computers to aggregate data into reliable measures while ameliorating concerns about the biases and unreliability of non-expert human coders. We validate the method with advertisements for U.S. Senate candidates and with State Department reports on human rights. The framework we present is very general, and we provide free software to help applied researchers interact easily with online workforces to extract meaningful measures from texts.
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| 2 |
ID:
121189
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| Publication |
2013.
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| Summary/Abstract |
This article presents an analysis of the degree of de facto exchange rate flexibility in the exchange rate regimes for selected South Asian economies, viz., Bangladesh, India, Pakistan and Sri Lanka. Three commonly employed measures of exchange rate classification are used: a simple exchange market pressure (EMP) measure, a GARCH specification and a regression-based model. The article finds strong evidence of limited flexibility in all the South Asian economies-particularly against the US dollar, which can suggest a heavy degree of currency management. While Bangladesh, Pakistan and Sri Lanka effectively have fixed exchange rate regimes vis-à-vis the US dollar, India appears to operate somewhat more as a managed floater with a movement towards greater flexibility in recent years.
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