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ID: 190653

China’s rise, Guanxi, and primary institutions / Xue, Ye

Xue, Ye	Journal Article
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Summary/Abstract

This article focuses on how China views the normative structure of the international order. It integrates the Chinese cultural idea of guanxi into the established English School tradition in International Relations theory and argues that the norm of guanxi is an emerging pluralist primary institution. In this article, the author first presents the emergence of guanxi as a purposive norm in China’s foreign policy, and the interplay of this norm between China and other international actors. Second, the article scrutinizes the establishment of secondary institutions reflecting the norm of guanxi. Third, this article discusses how this primary institution has been consolidated at regional and global levels. In conclusion, this article briefly draws on two major developments of international politics: the cultural diversity of the international order and the emergence of a China-centred international society.

Key Words

International Order ; China's Rise ; Guanxi ; Primary Institution

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ID: 121859

Fragmentation and diversification of climate change governance / Palmujoki, Eero

Palmujoki, Eero	Journal Article
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2013.

Summary/Abstract

This article examines the discourses on the fragmentation and diversification of environmental governance through frames offered by the English School (ES) of International Relations (IR) scholars in order to apply their frame to climate change governance. It argues that the ES approach emphasises the pluralist starting-points of international law and governance. This article does not try to analyse pros and cons of fragmentation and diversification; rather, it examines whether the society is 'thin' or 'thick' regarding climate change governance. To what extent can the climate change practices established be spoken of as primary institutions? This is significant in order to weigh the future developments of governance. In the last section of the article, this discussion is realised by examining the developments of climate change governance both within and without the context of the UN Framework Convention for Climate Change (UNFCCC).

Key Words

International Society ; English School ; UNFCCC ; Climate Change Governance ; Primary Institution

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