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| 1 |
ID:
150867
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| Summary/Abstract |
The share of wind generation in the Irish and British electricity markets is set to increase by 2020 due to renewable energy (RE) targets. The United Kingdom (UK) and Ireland have set ambitious targets which require 30% and 40% of electricity demand to come from RE, mainly wind, by 2020, respectively. Ireland has sufficient indigenous onshore wind energy resources to exceed the RE target, while the UK faces uncertainty in achieving its target. A possible solution for the UK is to import RE directly from large scale onshore and offshore wind energy projects in Ireland; this possibility has recently been explored by both governments but is currently on hold. Thus, the aim of this paper is to estimate the effects of large scale wind energy in the Irish and British electricity markets in terms of wholesale system marginal prices, total generation costs and CO2 emissions. The results indicate when the large scale Irish-based wind energy projects are connected directly to the UK there is a decrease of 0.6% and 2% in the Irish and British wholesale system marginal prices under the UK National Grid slow progression scenario, respectively.
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| 2 |
ID:
150868
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| Summary/Abstract |
The share of wind generation in the Irish and British electricity markets is set to increase by 2020 due to renewable energy (RE) targets. The United Kingdom (UK) and Ireland have set ambitious targets which require 30% and 40% of electricity demand to come from RE, mainly wind, by 2020, respectively. Ireland has sufficient indigenous onshore wind energy resources to exceed the RE target, while the UK faces uncertainty in achieving its target. A possible solution for the UK is to import RE directly from large scale onshore and offshore wind energy projects in Ireland; this possibility has recently been explored by both governments but is currently on hold. Thus, the aim of this paper is to estimate the effects of large scale wind energy in the Irish and British electricity markets in terms of wholesale system marginal prices, total generation costs and CO2 emissions. The results indicate when the large scale Irish-based wind energy projects are connected directly to the UK there is a decrease of 0.6% and 2% in the Irish and British wholesale system marginal prices under the UK National Grid slow progression scenario, respectively.
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| 3 |
ID:
122544
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| Publication |
2012.
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| Summary/Abstract |
Military helicopter contingents from across Europe gathered for the European defence Agency (EDA) annual multinational helicopter exercise in Portugal's hot and high conditions.
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| 4 |
ID:
148706
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In-situ electron microscopy is an emerging technique for real time visualisation of micro-structural changes of a specimen under some applied constraints inside microscope. In this study, in-situ nanoindentation experimentation on a carbon nanocoil inside transmission electron microscope has been reported. The elastic modulus of the carbon nanocoil is found to be 177 GPa. Similar experiments are also carried out on carbon nanotubes, but force response of carbon nanotubes is beyond the limit of sensors presently available. The present study also reports the in-situ dissolution behavior of the secondary phases of a 7xxx series aluminum alloy under high vacuum condition in scanning electron microscope (SEM) in the temperature range of 350 °C to 400 °C. We report for the first time using in-situ SEM technique that dissolution of the MgZn2-base phase present as eutectic and divorced eutectic forms could start at a temperature as low as 300 °C, although the usual homogenisation temperature of such alloys is always > 450 °C. Furthermore, the kinetics of dissolution of such phases, particularly when present in fine eutectic phase mixture, is significantly faster than what is observed under atmospheric pressure. It has been found that modification of surface composition under high vacuum condition plays a key role in the low temperature dissolution processes. It has further been found that the dissolution process does not start with the thinning of the IDC phase as proposed for Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloys, rather it occurs by a combination of ‘spheroidisation’ and thinning process called ‘the thinning, discontinuation, and full dissolution’ (TDFD) mechanism. Results of the in-stu experiments under high vacuum are compared with the ex-situ dissolution experiments under normal atmospheric pressure.
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| 5 |
ID:
166368
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| Summary/Abstract |
It is important to encourage people to form energy conservation habits to increase energy efficiency. The application of social psychology research paradigm in studying energy conservation behavior sheds more light on what conditions are necessary for sustained energy conservation behavior. Based on a survey of 234 college students in Beijing, this study was carried out using the VBN model as its analysis framework and a structural equation model while focusing on whether egocentric values necessarily lead to non-energy conservation behavior and whether altruistic and biospheric values inevitably lead to energy conservation behavior among college students. The following conclusions can be drawn. First, the study partially verified the basic conclusion of the VBN model, that is, values have a significant effect on energy conservation beliefs, which in turn significantly affect personal energy conservation norms. Second, energy conservation beliefs formed by altruistic and biospheric values are translated into real energy conservation norms. However, egocentric values do not significantly affect the attribution of energy conservation responsibility. Moreover, personal energy conservation norms do not translate into energy conservation behavior. Third, individual behavioral habits and external conditions do not promote the translation of personal norms into real energy conservation behavior.
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