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| Srl | Item |
| 1 |
ID:
187839
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| Summary/Abstract |
This paper addresses the impact of China's historical clan culture on corporate behavior. Specifically, it looks at how clan culture decreases the risk-taking of Chinese enterprises. Using a unique dataset, which combines the pedigree density and distribution of publicly listed Chinese enterprises in city-regions, we document that a 1% increase in regional pedigree density dramatically decreases the risk-taking of locally listed enterprises by 2.66%. Furthermore, this paper verifies that in places with a strong clan culture, senior executives (presidents and CEOs) make their enterprises more conservative, taking on the responsibility of protecting the interests and maintaining stability of the clan, and the reputation of them in the clan. Such enterprises have relatively stable business networks and are unwilling to carry out high-risk innovations and cross-city M&As. In addition, their senior executives (presidents and CEOs) are more stable, with longer tenure and a lower frequency of replacement. Finally, the paper notes that improvements in formal institutions could mitigate the negative relationship between clan culture and corporate risk-taking.
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| 2 |
ID:
123335
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| Publication |
2013.
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| Summary/Abstract |
This paper uses Comtrade panel data to assess the impacts of imports from China, in comparison with those from the United States and France, on Sub-Saharan African manufactured exports (as proxies of production performance). It is found that Chinese impacts are significantly positive in all sectors and in general Chinese impacts are stronger than those of the United States and France. A South-South trade theoretical framework is then explored to interpret this finding: When the absorptive capability of a poorly-developed country is quite limited and (or) a sizeable substitution effect of importing intermediate goods on this country's local production is present, it is better to import from a Southern country with a superior technology than from a Northern country with a very advanced technology. Therefore, my finding has provided evidence that China's increasing trade with Africa is helpful to African economic development.
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| 3 |
ID:
166538
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| Summary/Abstract |
A large number of studies on road construction and rail transit have not taken the improvement effect and the substitution effect into account. Using the quarterly data from 2013 to 2016 of 28 cities with metro opened in China, this research firstly compares the improvement effect of road reconstruction with the substitution effect of rail transit construction on air quality. Empirical results show that urban rail construction exerts a greater marginal impact on improving air quality than urban road reconstruction. Then, we employ operation length of urban rail transit as a long-term proxy variable and the length of rail built in season as a short-term proxy variable of rail transit construction to make a further discussion. In general, rail transit has an air pollution-reducing effect in the long run, while the construction of rail transit has a negative short-term effect on air quality. Based on above findings, governments should take measures to conduct convenient and efficient urban transportation network, and guide the construction of rail transit to multi-level development.
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| 4 |
ID:
138774
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| Summary/Abstract |
Much of the discourse surrounding counterterrorism centers on the inevitability of displacement, or the substitution of another form of terrorist attack in place of the one that has been thwarted. Yet a longstanding tradition of research in situational crime prevention finds that displacement is far from inevitable, and often depends crucially on the specific features of the incidents in question. In fact, crime prevention efforts are often followed by a “diffusion of benefits” (i.e., crime reductions) to incidents, groups, or locations that were not the intended target of the intervention. The current study examines various forms of displacement and diffusion in response to airport metal detectors among terrorist groups that had been involved in the perpetration of aviation attacks prior to their implementation. Using data from the Global Terrorism Database, the findings from interrupted time series models suggest a complex set of displacement and diffusion effects with respect to alternative attack modes, target types, and weapon usage.
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| 5 |
ID:
176649
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| Summary/Abstract |
Understanding the energy use and choice behaviors in urban China is essential to curb its energy consumption and air pollutant emissions. Current energy consumption estimates for urban households in China rarely account for the effects of building types on energy choice behavior, thus may lead to biased policy implications. In this paper, we estimate the determinants of household energy consumption for different energy choice scenarios through the Seemingly Unrelated Regression (SUR) model, using urban household data. The empirical results show that household use of various energy carriers is driven by household income, fuel price, demographics, building attributes and lifestyles. Results show building types have a significant effect on household energy consumption behaviors. Households living in old houses have less access to clean energy, such as piped gas. Income and price elasticities of energy consumption vary with energy type in each scenario, and there exist certain substitution effects among different types of energy carriers. In particular, inter-fuel substitute elasticities between coal and clean energy are asymmetric. Our study highlights the significance of city planning and infrastructure expansion policies and also offers a better basis for coordinating and designing energy policies in urban China and other developing countries.
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