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| 1 |
ID:
133418
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| Publication |
2014.
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| Summary/Abstract |
At the end of the Second World War, British intelligence struggled to enforce strict limits imposed on Jewish immigration to Palestine. Holocaust survivors and Jews wishing to escape communism in Eastern Europe flooded the western Zones of occupation in Germany and Austria, while the Zionist movement worked to bring them to Palestine. Illegal immigration to Palestine was the key policy dispute between Britain and the Zionist movement, and a focus for British intelligence. Britain sought both overt and covert means to prevent the boarding of ships at European ports which were destined for Palestine, and even to prevent the entry of Jewish refugees into the American zones. This article highlights Britain's secret intelligence-gathering efforts as well as its covert action aimed to prevent this movement. It highlights a peculiar episode in the 'special relationship' between Britain and the United States, during which cooperation and partnership was lacking. British intelligence promoted a rumour that Soviet agents were using Jewish escape lines to penetrate Western Europe and the Middle East in order to persuade American authorities to prevent the movement of Jewish refugees. Instead, this article argues, American intelligence secretly cooperated with the Zionist organizers of the escape routes so to expose Soviet agents. Britain's attempt at deception backfired, and provided effective cover for the movement of hundreds of thousands of Jews during a critical period. Meanwhile its intelligence had dramatically improved, but policymakers failed to reassess Britain's ability to sustain immigration restrictions and the indefinite detention of tens of thousands of illegal migrants.
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| 2 |
ID:
124255
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2013.
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| Summary/Abstract |
Palestine occupied an exceptional place in German strategic thinking long before Hitler's rise to power, indeed before his birth. Ashkenazi Jews from Germany and Poland established a small religious community in Jerusalem around 1800. They lived in abject poverty, supported by contributions from fellow Jews in Europe, and devoted all of their time to religious study.
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| 3 |
ID:
130509
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| Publication |
2011.
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| Summary/Abstract |
what we know today as the state of Israel was not really established as an independent state in 1948 following what is called the "war of independence. It was established slowly, step by step, by waves of Jewish Immigration to what was then know as Palestine, a province of the fading Ottoman Empire. At the time, the main source of this immigration were Czarist Russia and the United Kingdom.
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