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ID:
131619
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| Publication |
2014.
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| Summary/Abstract |
The first multinational conference dedicated exclusively to robotic warfare took place May 13-16 at the UN Office at Geneva as governments around the world confront the emerging technologies that policymakers call "lethal autonomous weapons systems" and headline writers have dubbed "killer robots." The three-day meeting featured diplomats, scholars, and activists debating the implications of new weapons that could automatically target and kill people without human control. Although few such weapons exist now, revolutionary developments in sensors and robotics have stoked fears in some quarters that these weapons systems could make warfare less risky for the attacker and therefore more indiscriminate, but raised hopes in others that they might reduce civilian casualties.
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| 2 |
ID:
129134
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| Publication |
2014.
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| Summary/Abstract |
Striking a compromise on a controversial issue, Congress in January passed legislation to provide $537 million, the full amount the Obama administration had requested, for the program to rebuild the B61 nuclear gravity bomb and require the administration to submit detailed reports on alternatives to this plan. Congress also mandated the eventual retirement of a different gravity bomb, the B83, once the B61 is ready for service. These items were part of an omnibus appropriations bill signed by President Barack Obama on Jan. 17. The new law is a $1.1 trillion conglomeration of 12 appropriations bills that had to be passed to keep the government open for the remainder of the fiscal year, which ends Sept. 30. The legislation includes $7.8 billion for nuclear weapons activities conducted by the Energy Department's semiautonomous National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA). One of the key nuclear policy questions left unresolved last year was how much money the NNSA would be allowed to spend to extend the service life of about 400 B61 gravity bombs. About half of the B61s are stored in European NATO countries for use on tactical, or short-range, aircraft; the rest are stored in the United States for use on strategic, or long-range, bombers.
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| 3 |
ID:
133992
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| Publication |
2014.
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| Summary/Abstract |
Since the end of the Cold War, the United States has attained mixed results using the traditional instruments of power in pursuit of foreign policy objectives. In the future these instruments may prove even less effective because of domestic problems and changes in the geopolitical environment. Advanced military capabilities enabled by emerging technology may provide policymakers with broader options and greater utility when coercion is required in international relations. The application of non-lethal force is not a substitute for war but an effective lever to consider in future conflict. This article proposes several concepts: digital blockade, conflict termination, wide-area denial, and offshore control, which could be used during future state-level conflict. While these emerging capabilities offer great promise, they are not a panacea. Policymakers and military leaders must fully understand the conditions in which these capabilities provide maximum effectiveness, as well as overcoming legal barriers and contending with the problem of escalation.
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| 4 |
ID:
098906
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| 5 |
ID:
124219
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| Publication |
2013.
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| Summary/Abstract |
In the mid-1980s I had the opportunity to work with the National Federation of Sugar Workers, the union of sugar plantation workers in the Philippines. It was a desperate period in Negros Occidental, the main sugar-producing island. Sugar prices had fallen worldwide. The end of a preferential trade agreement with the USA had resulted in a dramatic decline of sugar exports to the American market. The economy of Negros had collapsed. Starvation among workers and their families was setting in .
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| 6 |
ID:
129331
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2012.
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the designers who commenced work on the S-125 Neva Surface to Air Missile (SAM) system in the 1960s, hardly realized that their new system would continue to soldier on some two or even three decades into the next century and would have a prominent combat career including taking down stealth aircraft.
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| 7 |
ID:
129135
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| Publication |
2014.
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| Summary/Abstract |
In the wake of recent reports that some Air Force nuclear missile operators have been cheating on performance tests and failing to follow safety rules, the Defense Department announced Jan. 23 that it is launching a review of all U.S. nuclear forces, to be completed in three months. Defense Secretary Chuck Hagel said at a Jan. 24 press conference that he is "deeply concerned" about "the overall health and the professionalism and discipline of our strategic forces." At the Jan. 23 announcement event, Pentagon spokesman John Kirby said that the review would look not just at the Air Force's intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM) force, the main source of the problems, but at the "whole nuclear force," including the Air Force's long-range bombers and the Navy's strategic submarines.
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| 8 |
ID:
019551
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July 2001.
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| Description |
13-17
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