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| 1 |
ID:
051864
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| 2 |
ID:
055470
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| 3 |
ID:
022173
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| Publication |
April-June 2002.
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| Description |
107-114
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| 4 |
ID:
067021
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| 5 |
ID:
062597
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| Publication |
Mar-Apr 2005.
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| 6 |
ID:
066397
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| 7 |
ID:
148221
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| Summary/Abstract |
While many militaries have tried to capitalize on the potential of information operations in internal war, few have succeeded. I argue that military information campaigns fall short of expectations for two reasons. First, the theory of influence militaries generally embrace – communications as a non-lethal weapons system – is largely invalid. While treating information as a weapons system makes it easier to integrate it into the existing military planning system, this overstates the independent effects of communications on behavior and understates the importance of interactive effects of what commercial marketing theory refers to as the “marketing mix” – product, price, promotion, and placement. It would be more appropriate to treat military information operations as a form of marketing: a composite effort to induce a specific behavior in a target audience by applying a combination of material and ideational instruments. The marketing model suggests that the efficacy of information operations will depend not simply on the message and its delivery (promotion) but on the behavior the sender seeks to induce (the product), the costs of that behavior (the price), and the opportunities available for such behavior (the placement).
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| 8 |
ID:
053559
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| Publication |
May-Jun 2004.
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| 9 |
ID:
051708
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| Publication |
Jan-Feb 2004.
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| 10 |
ID:
054447
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| 11 |
ID:
019616
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| Publication |
Dec 2000.
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| Description |
277-298
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| 12 |
ID:
059120
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| Publication |
Summer 2004.
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| Description |
Summer 2004
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| 13 |
ID:
067048
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| 14 |
ID:
066552
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| 15 |
ID:
058142
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| Publication |
Sep-Oct 2004.
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| 16 |
ID:
057774
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| 17 |
ID:
153732
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| Summary/Abstract |
Thise paper outliness certain trends in the buildup, development, and training of Russia's Armed Forces stemming from analysis of the prospective nature and content of future wars.
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