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FORTRESS EUROPE (2) answer(s).
 
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ID:   157501


Containing the refugee crisis: how the EU turned the Balkans and Turkey into an EU borderland / Zaragoza-Cristiani, Jonathan   Journal Article
Zaragoza-Cristiani, Jonathan Journal Article
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Summary/Abstract The events that took place during the 2015-16 refugee crisis in the southeastern EU region boosted unprecedented bordering processes. Borders were reinforced and extended and a costly and difficult deal with Turkey was undertaken; the western Balkans were turned into a vast buffer zone made up of multiple buffer states with fences of all types and sizes; while Greece was ring-fenced and to this day struggles to manage thousands of refugees stranded in camps all over its territory. By seeking to contain the refugee flows, the EU turned its southeastern region into a fortified EU borderland.
Key Words Migration  Balkans  Borderland  Refugee Crisis  Fortress Europe  Buffer Zone 
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2
ID:   124613


North African revolutions: a chance to rethink European externalization of the handling / Richey, Mason   Journal Article
Richey, Mason Journal Article
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Publication 2013.
Summary/Abstract In this paper, I discuss EU and member state externalization of the handling of non-EU, irregular migration flows. Following a historical and theoretical Introduction, I address in section "European Reactions to the Migration Flows Following the Arab Spring" the migration consequences of the 2011 North Africa revolutions, focusing particularly on how they provoked an EU migration policy crisis. Then, I show in section "Migration Policy Development in the EU: Fortress Europe or Strategic Incoherence?" how this was an outcome of the ineffectualness and strategic incoherence of EU immigration policy. This is ironic because the EU is criticized-incorrectly, I claim-for having developed a well-oiled non-entrée regime that skirts human/immigrant rights obligations by externalizing interdiction, detention, and processing of irregular migrants to countries with lower detention standards and higher human rights abuse rates. In section "The Member States' Role in the Externalization of European Migration Policy", I demonstrate that when such externalization policies are enacted, they are less due to EU action and more a function of member state decisions. I show that EU periphery member states are responsible for the most problematic policies partially because constraints on EU-level policy making incentivize these member states to erect "Fortress Europe" through their own devices.
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