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SULEIMAN FRANGIEH (2) answer(s).
 
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ID:   124971


Quest for a balance of power in Lebanon during Suleiman Frangieh's presidency, 1970–76 / Naor, Dan   Journal Article
Naor, Dan Journal Article
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Publication 2013.
Summary/Abstract This paper examines the changes in the balance of power in domestic and foreign arenas in Lebanon during the regime of President Suleiman Frangieh between the years of 1970 and 1976. Changes occurred in both arenas which influenced the stability of the regime and led the country to a civil war. In the domestic political arena, the regime ceased to rely on a Maronite-Sunni-Shiite axis and began to rely firstly on a Maronite-Shiite axis, and then on a Maronite-Druze axis. These steps aroused the Sunni establishment against the regime and led to instability. In the foreign arena, the regime exchanged their policy of neutrality on Arab and international arenas in favour of leaning towards 'revolutionary' Arab countries such as Syria, Iraq and Libya. This led to a rise in the influence and intervention of these Arab countries in Lebanese political affairs and escalated the turbulence on the streets of Lebanon against the Frangieh regime.
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2
ID:   133747


'Spring of Youth' in Beirut: the effects of the Israeli military operation on Lebanon / Naor, Dan   Journal Article
Naor, Dan Journal Article
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Publication 2014.
Summary/Abstract This article examines the impact that Operation Spring of Youth, carried out by the Israel Defence Forces (IDF) on 10 April 1973 had on Lebanon. IDF Special Forces infiltrated the heart of Beirut and eliminated three senior members of the Black September organization, perpetrator of the 1972 Munich Olympics massacre. While Israelis celebrated the successful military operation, the Lebanese mourned. Following the Israeli raid, the Lebanese government resigned, and an armed conflict erupted between the Lebanese army and the Palestinian organizations, leading to both domestic and inter-Arab crises. When these clashes ended, the Lebanese government had been unable to enforce its authority over Palestinian organizations, and Lebanon's weakness was publicly exposed.
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