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| 1 |
ID:
127026
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| Publication |
2013.
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| Summary/Abstract |
International cooperation in the Arctic has been expanding steadily since the start of the 21st century, assuming systemic outlines over a relatively short period of time (from 2006 till 2013), as evidenced by a series of development concepts approved by the interested countries for their respective regions. The review of these documents indicates that most of the key tasks lie in the foreign policy field, with Arctic diplomacy playing a major role in their implementation. Unique geographical and climatic features make the Arctic truly international. The Arctic Ocean is a center of gravity for polar and off-polar nations. Dividing lines here are less noticeable than on land, but this does not detract from their legal significance. More often than not, resources within the exclusive economic zones of the five littoral states are transboundary in nature and their development (e.g., Shtokman field, Yamal LNG) requires the creation of international consortiums. Apart from cooperation, the Arctic states also have to coordinate their mutual interests and regulate disputes. All these aspects in their entirety form the thematic area within which Arctic diplomacy is used
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| 2 |
ID:
128322
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| Publication |
2013.
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| Summary/Abstract |
For the next few decades, the Arctic will provide problems and prospects which may induce inevitable competition for the lion`s share among the stakeholders. While the arctic was perceived as an undiscovered area and a non-navigable ice cap in the past, recent environmental and scientific changes have brought to the fore the assets of the region. The current size of the ice cape has shrunk by more than 40 percent compared to its size in the late 1970s, which has disclosed an area of open water. The enlarged open water provides the opportunity to explore more economic benefits, and for larger marine and other military activities. The major stakeholders sharing the coastal line of the Arctic are eight states member of the Arctic Council: Canada, Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, Russia, Sweden and the United States. Presently, these states are putting in their utmost efforts in to investigating and participating in exploring the Arctic, which will be the foundation of the legal claim for sovereignty.
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| 3 |
ID:
126098
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| Publication |
2013.
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| Summary/Abstract |
In late 2012, the first liquefied natural gas tanker to sail through the Northern Sea Route reached its destination in Japan, carrying gas from a Euro-Arctic offshore field. Only months earlier, a Korean-owned naval architecture and engineering company had won the contract for designing the long-awaited new icebreaker for Canada's coast guard, 1 and China had completed its fifth Arctic marine survey from its own ice-capable research vessel. The same year saw India apply for permanent observer status in the Arctic Council, a high-level forum for addressing Arctic issues, thus joining an expanding group of Asian applicants that already counted China, Japan, Korea and Singapore. The recent surge in Asian interest in the Arctic has been followed closely by the states of the Arctic region: Should they worry about this development, or see it as an asset in their efforts to manage the rapid changes underway in the Arctic?
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