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ID: 178625

Estimating the Global Economic Cost of Violence: Methodology Improvement and Estimate Updates / Iqbal, Mohib; Bardwell, Harrison; Hammond, David

Hammond, David	Journal Article
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Summary/Abstract

This paper presents significant methodological improvements on Estimating the Global Costs of Violence. It also presents updated estimates of the global economic impact of violence at $14.8 trillion in 2017. This is equivalent to 12.4 per cent of global GDP or $1,988 per person. In the analysis, 163 countries are examined accounting for 99.5 per cent of the global population. The estimate is comprised of three domains which aggregate to yield a global estimate of the economic impact of violence. These three domains are the costs of interpersonal violence, the costs of collective violence and the expenditures on violence containment. A model of the economic cost of violence is established using a bottom-up accounting approach. This model follows the methodology of the 2018 Global Peace Index (GPI).

Key Words

Violence ; Peace ; Armed Conflict ; Economic Cost

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ID: 126317

Soft powering the empire: British military bands, influence and cultural imperialism in the twentieth century / Hammond, David

Hammond, David	Journal Article
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2013.

Summary/Abstract

In the inter-war years, it was important for Britain to preserve friendly relations and influence throughout its empire to maintain competitive advantage in markets in a time of austerity. One way of doing this was through the export of cultural imperialism, and colonial administrations in particular were keen to maintain their hold over indigenous populations by preserving the cultural ideologies and brand (and thereby associated power) of the mother country. David Hammond argues that the military band was a particularly effective and economical resource for this: through the expression of British symbols, routines and rituals, they epitomised the British control systems and power structures without the need for 'hard power' engagement.

Key Words

Britain ; Cultural Imperialism ; Hard Power ; Economical Resources ; British Control System ; British Military Bands

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